Deponent verbs

What are Deponents?

• Deponents are verbs that take the passive form, but are translated actively
• They are special kinds of verbs that have to be memorized separately
• They only have 3 principle parts (ex. hortor, hortari, hortatus sum)
• Because deponents are translated actively, they do not have 4th p.p
• This is because 4 p.p is perfect passive participle.

List of common deponents

List of Deponent Verbs

• cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum - to try
• hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum - to encourage
• moror, morārī, morātus sum - to delay
• mīrōr, mīrārī, mīrātus sum - to wonder
• polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum - to promise

Deponents list cont.

• vereor, verērī, veritus sum - to fear
• loquor, loquī, locūtus sum - to speak
• proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum - to set out
• ēgredior, ēgrediī, ēgressus sum - to walk out, leave
• prōgredior, prōgrediī, prōgressus sum - to advance

Deponents list cont.

• sequor, sequī, secūtus sum - to follow
• ūtor, ūtī, usus sum - to use
• morior, moriī, morituus sum - to die
• nāscor, nāscī, natus sum - to be born
• gradior, gradi, gressus - to walk, step

deponents list cont.

• ingredior, ingredi, ingressus - to enter
• revertor, revertī, reversus sum - to return
• orior, oriri, ortus sum - to rise
• adorior, adorīrī, adortus sum - to attack
• experior, experīrī, expertus sum - to try, test

Different conjugations and how to conjugate

1st conjugation

• cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum - to try
• hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum - to encourage
• moror, morārī, morātus sum - to delay
• mīrōr, mīrārī, mīrātus sum - to wonder
• 1st conjugation deponent infinitive = -ari

2nd conjugation

• polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum - to promise
• vereor, verērī, veritus sum - to fear
• 2nd conjugation deponent infinitive = -ērī
• 2nd conjugation deponent first p.p = -eo-

3rd conjugation

• proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum - to set out
• ēgredior, ēgrediī, ēgressus sum - to walk out, leave
• sequor, sequī, secūtus sum - to follow
• loquor, loquī, locūtus sum - to speak
• 3rd conjugation deponent infinitive = lacks the -r-

4th conjugation

• orior, oriri, ortus sum - to rise
• adorior, adorīrī, adortus sum - to attack
• experior, experīrī, expertus sum - to try, test
• 4th conjugation deponent infinitive: -īrī

How to conjugate: present

• form the stem: infinitive, without -ri
• ex. hortari: horta (stem)
• add PASSIVE endings (ris,tur,mur,mini,ntur)
• 1st person singular will just be the 1st principle part
• ex. hortor,hortaris,hortamur,hortamini,hortantur

Exceptions to conjugating

• third conjugation conjugates differently
• first person sing. = first principle part
• 2nd person sing. (take off -i, add -e, then add ending)
• 3rd sing, and 1, 2 plural (infinitive + endings)  
• 3rd person plural ( change -i to a -u, then add ending)

Example:

• loquor, loqui, locutus sum
• loquor, loqueris*, loquitur
• loquimur, loquimini, loquuntur*
• *the vowel change

Infinitives with deponents

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