Qin to Qing Dynasties

(1650-1027 BCE) - CONSIDERED AS THE EARLIEST DYNASTY

/ GREATEST CONTRIBUTION TO CHINESE CULTURE

/ANCIENT CHINESE SYSTEM OF WRITING

/ PIECES OF TURTLE BONES; USED TO TELL THE FUTURE.

1027-256 BCE

/ HE OVERTHREW THE KING OF SHANG

/ JUSTIFIED THE OVERTHROWING BY USING THE

/ UNDER ZHOU, SILK BECAME CHINA'S MOST VALUABLE EXPORT.

/ CHINESE ARTISANS MADE THE FIRST BOOKS BY BINDING TOGETHER LONG, THIN STRIPS OF BAMBOO OR WOOD.

/ cHINESE SCHOLARS WOULD THEN CAREFULLY PAINT CHARACTERS ON THE FINISHED BOOK WITH BRUSH & INK.

221-207 BC - FIRST UNIFIED, MULTI-NATIONAL AND POWER-CENTRALIZED STATE IN CHINESE HISTORY

/ ESTABLISHED A STRICT GOVERNMENT AND IMPOSED LEGALISM

/ TO PREVENT HIS PEOPLE TO THINK FREELY AND BE AFFECTED BY BOOKS

/ HE BURIED 460 SCHOLARS ALIVE AFTER LEARNING ABOUT THEIR DISCUSSION OF HIS IGNORANCE.

/ HE IMPOSED THE ABOVE ON THE MASSES IN ORDER TO BUILD LUXURIOUS PALACES, ETC.

QIN PLACED GREAT IMPORTANCE ON INFRASTRUCTURE; HE ORDERED THE BUILDING OF

206 BCE - 220 CE / GOLDEN AGE

HIS STRONG LEADERSHIP ACHIEVED MANY CULTURAL AND INTELLECT ACHIEVEMENTS

/ MAJOR TRADE ROUTE; BROUGHT CHINA IN CONTACT WITH OTHER CIVILIZATIONS

/ AN EXAM BASED ON CONFUCIANISM, REQUIRED TO ENTER THE SERVICE IN THE GOVERMENT

/ BECAME THE OFFICIAL BELIEF SYSTEM IN CHINA UNDER HANS

/ USED IN CHINA FOR MOST OF THE LAST 2000 YEARS.

/ HAN SCIENTISTS WROTE ON SUBJECTS FROM ZOOLOGY TO BOTANY, TO CHEMISTRY.

/ ENABLED THEM TO CREATE ACCURATE CLOCKS

/ INVENTED THE PROCESS TO MAKE PAPER FROM THESE

/ INCLUDES RUDDER FOR SHIPS, WHEELBARROW & FISHING REEL.

/ DEVELOPED TO ALLEVIATE PAIN & TREAT VARIOUS ILLNESSES.

581 - 618 BCE

/ REPLACED NORTHERN ZHOU WITH SUI AND PROCLAIMED HIMSELF EMPEROR

/ AFTER DEFEATING THE LAST OF SOUTHERN DYNASTIES, CHEN, SUI UNIFIED THE WHOLE NATION

/ CAPITAL & AUXILIARY CAPITAL RESPECTIVELY

/ FLOURISHED THIS TIME, AS A RESULT OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR A NEW IDEOLOGY

/ RE-ESTABLISHED THE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM OF THE HAN (EXAM)

/ SIMILAR IN THE TENURE AND RUTHLESSNESS OF ITS ACCOMPLISHMENTS

/ BURDEN OF TAXES & COMPULSORY LABOR

/ GREED: LOST WAGED WARS AGAINST KOREA

/ MERGED GROUPS OF REBELS =UNSTABLE REGIME (2ND EMPEROR)

/ A SUBORDINATE STRANGLED THE LAST EMPEROR IN 618

/ REPAIRED UNDER WEN DI'S ORDER

/ PRINTING FROM HAND CARVED OR ENGRAVED LETTERS ON BLOCKS

/ FUNCTIONED AS THE MAIN ARTERY IN THE NATION'S TRANSPORT

618-907 BCE

AFTER A PERIOD OF CIVIL WARS, TANG REESTABLISHED A

/ EXPANDED INFLUENCE; DEMANDED TRIBUTES FROM PLACES SUCH AS KOREA AND VIETNAM

/ TO PEASANTS

/ REINTRODUCED THEIR USE IN RUNNING THE GOVERNMENT

/ EACH CLASS HAD ITS OWN RIGHTS AND DUTIES

/ POSSIBLE; FROM ONE CLASS TO ANOTHER.

/ GENTRY / PEASANTRY / MERCHANT

WEALTHY LANDOWNERS, STUDENTS OF CONFUCIAN IDEAS, CIVIL SERVICE

/ MOST CHINESE, FARMERS, RESIDENTS IN SMALL VILLAGES

/ VERY RICH TRADERS; LOWER STATUS BECAUSE RICHES COME FROM OTHER'S WORK

/ INVENTED BY TANG SCIENTISTS; COMBINATION OF SALTPETER, SULFUR, & CHARCOAL

/ DEVELOPED BY TANG PHYSICIANS

/ THE WIDESPREAD USE HOWEVER, DID NOT OCCUR IN CHINA UNTIL 16TH CENTURY

960 - 1279 BCE

/ AFTER THE DECLINE OF TANG, THERE WAS NO STRONG, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

/ RELATIVELY SMALL COMPARED TO THE EMPIRE OF THE TANG

/ BUT THIS WAS STILL DOMINATE IN MOST OF EASTERN ASIA

/ STARTED UNDER THE SONG; WAS ABLE TO PLANT 2 RICE CROPS A YEAR

/ DUE TO FOOD ABUNDANCE OR FOOD SURPLUS

/ SONG ARTISANS USED THIS FORM OF FINE HANDWRITING

/ SONG ARTISANS WERE ALSO KNOWN FOR THEIR

/ TANG WAS ALSO FAMOUS FOR ITS

/ DESIGNED BY SONG ARCHITECTS; USED AS TEMPLES

/ MULTISTORIED BUILDING WITH THE CORNERS OF THE ROOF CURVED UP

/ A MACHINE USED TO MAKE THREAD

/ ITS USE ALLOWED FOR FASTER PRINTING & WIDESPREAD DIFFUSION OF IDEAS

1271 - 1368 BCE

/ AN ETHNIC MINORITY GROUP THAT RESIDED IN THE NORTHERN ARES OF CHINA

/ ONE OF THE MONGOLIAN TRIBE LEADERS WHO UNIFIED ALL THE INTERNAL TRIBES

2 YEARS LATER, TIEMUZHEN WAS HONORED AS AN EMPEROR AND ESTABLISHED THE

/ "THE RULER OF THE WORLD"

/ TIBETAN BUDDHISM

/ FORMALLY ESTABLISHED BY CHANGING STATE NAME WITH YUANDADU AS CAPITAL

/ IN 1276, ITS CAPITAL WAS CAPTURED BY THE YUAN ARMY, THUS THE ENTIRE CHINA WAS UNIFIED.

WAS COMPLETELY SUBJUGATED BY FOREIGN CONQUERORS...

A LARGER POLITICAL ENTITY, THE VAST MONGOL EMPIRE.

/ STIMULATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE

/ USING THE GUNPOWDER INTRODUCED IN THE TANG DYNASTY

/ YUAN DYNASTY WAS CONSIDERED TO BE THE PEAK OF CHINESE WINE MAKING

1368 ACE - 1644

UNDER FOREIGN RULE BY THE MONGOLS, THE MING SEIZE POWER

WERE RESTORED TO CHINA

BETTER FARMING METHODS =GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

/ (NEW CROPS) BROUGHT OVER FROM THE AMERICAS, HELPED INCREASED TO FOOD PRODUCTION

/ PRODUCED A FLOWERING IN FHE ARTS.

/ LOCATED IN BEIJING, A GREAT ARCHITECTURAL ACHIEVEMENT, MADE DURING MING

/ THE FAMOUS SIGNATURE PORCELAIN OF CHINA ORIGINATED DURING MING

CERAMIC, JADE AND BAMBOO CARVINGS

OF MING, TRADE & COMMERCE WITH OTHER NATIONS FLOURISHED

CHINA WAS RECOGNIZED AS A MAJOR POLITICAL & CULTURAL POWER.

/ REPAIR & COMPLETION (BIGGEST ACHIEVEMENT IN THE FIELD OF ENGINEERING)

/ DURING THIS ERA, FROM WHICH COTTON & SILK LOOMS ARE MADE

/ AND OTHER POWERFUL ARTILLERY DUE TO ADVANCEMENTS IN MILITARY TECHNOLOGY.

/ MEDICAL BOOK SHOWING ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICINE DURING MING

1644 - 1911

/ NORTH OF GREAT WALL, HISTORICAL ENEMIES OF CHINA

/ HAD HISTORICALLY RULED IN THE REGION, BUT THE MING EMPIRE KEPT THEM OUT

/ BETWEEN JURCHEN & MONGOL RULING FAMILIES

OF THE JURCHENS TO THE MONGOLS & ABSORBED THEIR TROOPS

OF MONGOLS & MING PEOPLE BY JURCHEN RULERS

/ AFTER A REBEL ARMY CONQUERED BEIJING, THE INCORPORATION

/ BEGINNING : PROSPERITY / MIDDLE : DYNASTIC / END : INVASIONS & REBELLIONS

/ WHAT JURCHENS CALLED THEMSELVES

/ NEW INSTITUTION THAT REGULATED THE CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION

/ REGULATED THE MILITARY & POLITICAL AFFAIRS GUIDED BY THE EMPEROR

HAD BOTH A CHINESE & A MANCHU LEADER.

/ CHINESE: MAJORITY OF THE WORK / MANCHU: ENSURED LOYALTY TO QING RULERS

/ SAME AS THE PREVIOUS DYNASTIES, STARTING WITH THE HAN DYNASTY

/ INVENTION OF CONTINUOUS SHOT GON BY DAI ZI

/ STARTED IN THE LATE MING, FLOURISHED DURING QING

/ DUE TO THE EXTENSIVE PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY IN THE COUNTRY

/ ORIGINATED FROM THE WEALTHY PEOPLE

/ EXPENSIVE PAPERS FOLDED BY WEALTHY PEOPLE INTO FANCY DESIGNS

/ FLOURISH OF

/ DISHES

/ FISH BOWLS

/ PLATES

/ THE FALL OF THE LAST DYNASTY

SUPERSEDED ECONOMIC GROWTH =ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEASANTS DECLINED

DEPLETED DUE TO FOREIGN EXPANSION

/ OR THE "ANGLO-CHINESE WARS"

/ FORMED BECAUSE OF TRADE & DIPLOMATIC DISPUTES BETWEEN CHINA & BRITAIN

/ AND EVENTUALLY HAD LOST A LOT OF THEIR WEALTH

THE BRITISH WERE THEREFORE, TRYING TO REGAIN THEIR WEALTH BY

/ WARS FOR EXPANSION, AGAINST OPPOSITIONS AND IN OPIUM RESULTED INTO