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Early Adolescent Development Issues: A Guide for Middle School Teacher

EDUC/526

July 7, 2017

Courtney Peterson
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Early Adolescent Development Issues

Published on Jul 07, 2017

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1.

Early Adolescent Development Issues:

A Guide for Middle School Teachers
APA Title Slide

Early Adolescent Development Issues: A Guide for Middle School Teacher

EDUC/526

July 7, 2017

Courtney Peterson
Photo by Nesster
2.

Early Adolescent Development Issues:

A Guide for Middle School Teachers
APA Title Slide

Early Adolescent Development Issues: A Guide for Middle School Teacher

EDUC/526

July 7, 2017

Courtney Peterson
Photo by Nesster
3.

As a future middle school teacher, what early adolescent development issues should I expect?

As a future middle school teacher, you are bound to see some behavior that may confuse or frustrate you. Today we will learn about the physical, cognitive, moral, social, and emotional development in early adolescents so that you can more aptly understand why it is your students are behaving in certain ways.
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4.

Physical Development

  • Puberty: grow body hair, increase perspiration and oil production in hair and skin
  • Tremendous physical growth: gain height and weight
  • Greater sexual interest
Physically, middle schoolers are going through the biggest transition of their lives: puberty. Puberty can be uncomfortable and awkward for everyone involved. Here are some of the physical characteristics associated with this stage.
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5.

Girls, 10-11 years old

  • Height spurt begins
  • Slight growth of pubic hair
  • Breasts, nipples, elevated to form “bud” stage
Girls develop much earlier than boys. This is why all the girls in your 6th grade class photo were probably towering over the boys.
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6.

Girls, 11-14 years old

  • Straight, pigmented pubic hair Kinky pubic hair
  • Some deepening of voice
  • Rapid growth of vagina, ovaries, labia, uterus
  • Further enlargement, pigmentation, elevation of nipple, areola to form “primary breast”
  • Menarche
Between the ages of 11 and 14 are when girls begin to show visible signs of development. This is also around the time that most girls will have their first menstruation, also called "menarche."
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7.

Boys, 11.5-13 years old

  • Beginning growth of testes, scrotum, pubic hair
  • Some pigmentation, nodulation of breasts (later disappears)
  • Height spurt begins
  • Beginning growth of penis
Boys have a slower start to puberty than girls. Between the ages of 11 to 13, there may not be very many visible signs of physical development.
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8.

Boys, 13-16 years old

  • Development of straight, pigmented pubic hair
  • Early voice changes
  • Rapid growth of penis, testes, scrotum, prostate, seminal vesicles
  • First ejaculation of semen
  • Kinky pubic hair
  • Beginning growth of axillary hair
Towards the end of their middle school years, primarily between the ages of 13 and 16, boys' bodies begin to visibly change.
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9.

Cognitive Development

  • Growing capacity for abstract thought
  • Mostly interested in present with limited thought to the future
  • Intellectual interests expand and become more important
  • Deeper moral thinking
Cognitively, middle schoolers are also in a state of transition. Between the ages of 11 and 13, pre-teens begin to have a growing capacity for abstract thought.
Photo by giulia.forsythe
10.

Emotional Development

  • Struggle with sense of identity
  • Tendency to return to “childish” behavior, particularly when stressed
  • Moodiness
  • Rule- and limit-testing
  • Greater interest in privacy
Emotionally, middle schoolers are still struggling with a sense of identity. They may test limits and act moody.
Photo by Mark McLaughlin
11.

Social Development

  • Feel awkward about one’s self and one’s body; worry about being normal
  • Realize that parents are not perfect; increased conflict with parents
  • Desire for independence
  • Increased influence of peer group
Socially, early adolescents are extremely prone to peer pressure. As they begin to break away from their parents, they start to find greater value in the opinions of their friends. This can be an extremely self-conscious stage for many pre-teens.
Photo by North Cascades National Park
12.

Moral Development

  • Peers have a greater influence on moral decision-making than before
  • Peer pressure can exert a powerful influence because friends play a more significant role in teens' lives
  • Question authority
Early adolescents begin to stray from what the moral decisions made by their parents and begin to rely on their peers to help them in the moral decision-making process. They start to recognize that rules are bendable and they begin to question authority as a result.
Photo by Ian Sane
13.

Moral Reasoning & Self-Control

  • Adolescents’ powers of reflective thinking enable them to better evaluate what they learn, making them capable of moral reasoning
  • Idealism and/or judgmental behavior can result from their ability to grasp what is and what might be
  • Belief that if they can express high moral principles, then they have attained them
While early adolescents have stronger moral reasoning skills, they still lack self-control in that they often do not completely think things through before they act. They tend to seem hypocritical because they may stand behind certain high moral principles without having done anything to attain them.
Photo by Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
14.

Influences on Moral & Social Development

  • Peers are the biggest influence for teens, as they break away from their families and spend increasingly more time with their friends
  • Formal, supervised groups (sports teams, clubs, religious groups) and informal, unsupervised groups (hangouts) make up an adolescent's peer group
  • Culture that values popularity
Adolescent societies, cultures, subcultures, and peers have a strong influence on moral and social development. They are highly influenced by their peers and may occasionally experiment with drugs and alcohol despite their capacity for moral reasoning and abstract thought. Ultimately, early adolescents care more about the opinions of their peers than pretty much anything else and are uncomfortable about what is happening to their bodies. While middle schoolers can be very mature at times, enjoy the childishness and silliness that they can bring to the classroom as well!
Photo by Vernon Barford School Library
15.

References

APA References slide

References:

Adolescent Moral Development. (2010, November 17). Retrieved July 07, 2017, from https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/adolescent-moral-development/.

Dolgin, K. (2011). The Adolescent: Development, Relationships, and Culture, 13th Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved July 07, 2017, from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781323240021/.

Spano, S. (2004, May). Stages of Adolescent Development. Retrieved July 07, 2017, from http://www.actforyouth.net/resources/rf/rf_stages_0504.pdf.

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