CULTURAL AREAS OF TEXAS

GULF CULTURE

Tribes

• Karankawa
• Coahuiltecan
• Atakapa

FOOD
The food in this area consisted of fish, shellfish, wild rice, and small game. The Karankawa's most used weapon to hunt small game was the bow and arrow.

CLOTHING
The common clothes used in the gulf by men was deerskin, and body painting. The gulf women would clothe themselves with moss dresses or animal skin.

SHELTER
The people living here would live in wickiup's which is
basically small poles with palm leaves tied over them, or they would make homes out of grass or sticks.

LIFESTYLE
The people here would hold mitotes-dance ceremonies which is a Indigenous dance that respects Indigenous land and protocols of cultural production. Other tribes had shamans who held religious ceremonys, and cared for the sick. This group also built canoes that they used to travel in between the islands. The canoes were big enough to fit all their family and belongings.

PLAINS CULTURE

Tribes

• Apaches
• Kiowas
• Comanches
• Tonkawa

FOOD
The common food in this area was buffalo, deer, and berries. The Comanches tribe did some farming, but they mostly hunted.

CLOTHING
The clothing that most of the people here wore consisted of deer and buffalo hide, in addition they would compliment their clothing with face and body painting. During the winter they would wear cloaks.

SHELTER
The typical shelter in this area were usually buffalo tepees, but in the Apache tribes only the warriors used buffalo tepee, and the others would use wickiup's.

LIFESTYLE
The tribes here such as the Comanches where expert horsemen. The tribes would follow the buffalos migration, and they would never leave anything to waste they would use every part of the animal they had hunted.

PUEBLOAN CULTURE

TRIBES

• Jumano
• Tiguas
• Hopi
• Taos

FOOD
The people here lived in the Mountains and Basins region so food was scarce and their diet consisted of beans, native desert plants, and tobacco.

CLOTHING
The women here would wear mantas which where cotton dresses, and the men would wear very little clothing such as breechcloth, but during the winters they would wear cloaks to keep them warm.

SHELTER
The people here where different from other tribes, because they built their shelter out of adobe, wood, and dirt.

LIFESTYLE
The people here where known for being friendly to the white people, and having a great irrigation system. The women here where in charge of taking care of the house and children while men hunted or farmed.

SOUTHEASTERN CULTRE

TRIBES

• Caddoes
• Cherokee
• Choctaw
• Wichita

FOOD
The people's diet was made up of vegetables , dear, and fish. The Caddo tribe were excellent river fishermen, and they where farmers. They grew their own corn, squash, sun flowers, and pumpkins.

CLOTHING
The typical clothing for women was deerskin dresses, and moccasin the men would wear deerskin, and leggings.

SHELTER
The homes that these tribes used to live in were wickups, but the wichita tribe built their homes a little different they had the same shape as the wickups except they had a spirit door which is a door that wards off evil spirits.

LIFESTYLE
The people here had different jobs the men would hunt and go to war while women would farm and take care of the children.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

Geography means nature and relative arrangement of places and physical features. So geography is the features of the earth so it would have a big impact on the early tribes. It impacted their food, their clothes, their lifestyle, and their shelter.

The geography affected the development of the Native American culture with regards to food: In the Gulf region Native Americans had to learn how to fish and build canoes to travel from island to island; in addition they learned how to hunt small animals. The Plains Native Americans had to learn to be good hunters and become good horse riders to hunt buffalo. The Southeastern Natives learned how to farm to and fish in rivers to survive. The Pueblo natives learned how to farm and irrigate their plants because water was very limited in this area.

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The geography affected the development of the Native American culture with regards to clothing: Because the Gulf, Southeastern and Plains natives hunted animals they would make their clothing primarily out of animal hides. The Pueblo Natives on the other hand clothed in mantas which were primarily made of cotton.

The geography affected the development of the Native American culture with regards to lifestyle: In the Gulf region Native Americans were fisherman and had lifestyles that allowed them to feed on the available resources in the ocean, they also built canoes to carry their families from island to island. The Plains Native Americans were nomads that traveled behind the buffalo herds since that was their primary food. The Southeastern Natives learned to farm to grow the food and make use of the resources available in that area. The Pueblo natives were not nomads and learned how to irrigate to maximize the use of the little water they had available for farming. While the pueblo hunted some their primary source of food came from farming.