ECOLOGY PROGECT: TUNDRA

INFORMATION ON TUNDRA

• Tundra is a biome in the northern hemisphere close towards the north pole.
• The Tundra is so cold that no trees are able to grow there, the only things that grow there are grass and bushes
• The average temperature of the winter in the Tundra is -34 degree Celsius and average summer temperature is 3-12 degree Celsius.

ABIOTIC FACTORS

• Abiotic Factors are objects the area that are not made of organic material.
• The abiotic factors of a Tundra are strong winds, rainfall, short summer days, long and cold winters, soil, and permafrost layer.

BIOTIC FACTORS

• Biotic Factors are living or once living things made out of organic matter.
• Biotic Factors of the Tundra: Crustose and Foliose Lichen, Herbivores (lemmings, voles, caribou), Carnivores (arctic foxes, wolves, polar bears), Migratory Birds (ravens, snow buntings, falcons, loons), Insects (mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers), Fish (cod, ...

CARRY CAPACITY

• An amount of organisms in one contained area.
• In the Tundra, the caribou are forced to stay in one area so that they can be protected from creditors.

COMMUNITY

• Many groups of organisms that live and interact with each other.
• Some caribou live in big packs that is also considered a community.

COMPETITION

• Organisms that compete against each other for something like a mate or hunt.
• Competition could be between a musk ox and a caribou. When food is hard to find musk ox and caribou might have some competition trying to get something to eat.

CONSUMER

• A consumer is an organism thateats another organism or a producer.
• In the tundra there are two tipes of consumers, the primary consumer and the secondary consumer.
• The system is, the primary consumer (caribou) eats the producer (flowering tundra plants), then the secondary consumer (wolves) eat the primary consumer (caribou).

DECOMPOSER

• A decomposer is when fungi such as mushrooms decompose the dead bodies of animals and use them for vitamins to grow plants.
• The decomposers in the tundra are mushrooms, reindeer mosses and other types of fungi.

ECOSYSTEM

• An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
• An ecosystem in the tundra is basically when Wolves hut with each other so that they can get food to survive.

FOOD CHAIN

• A food chain is where an organism depends on eating other animals.
• A food chain in the tundra is like when a caribou eats a Lichen, and a wolf eats the caribou.

FOOD WEB

• A food web is an interlocked food chain.
• A food web in the tundra is wear a polar bear, winter fox and a wolf eat a caribou in the Caribou eats the flowering tundra plants and the lichens

HABITAT

• The habitat is where animals live in an environment that can support them.
• In the tundra some caribou live where they could find food such as flowering tundra plants and etc...

HOST

• A host is an organism that connects to another organism to feed itself and survive.
• In the tundra a tick would often get on a caribou and use the Caribou to suck out all its body fluids that it needs to survive and once it's done you could leave a disease behind and it goes on to another host.

LIMITING FACTOR

• A limiting factor is when the growth of an organism is limited.
• Some temperatures in the tundra are limited from how hot or cold they are, this is an example of a limiting factor.

NICHE

• Niche is somethings Place or position.
• Like how the trees I have a place in giving all living things oxygen.

PARASITE

• A parasite is an organism that lives on another organism and causes diseases and sickness.
• Going back to the tick after it and connect some the organism it will then leave The organism sick with the disease such as Lymes disease.

POPULATION

• Population is the amount of organisms that populate the area.
• Population is when a species like caribou live in one specific area and when in reproduces there causing the population to grow.

PREDATOR

• Predators are organisms that hunt other organisms to survive off of them.
• For example how wolves, and snow foxes go hunting out for animals such as caribou, small rabbits, etc...

PREY

• When you are the prey, you are the one who is being hunted for food.
• When you the prey, animals which are the predators will stock you so that they could get ready to attack you to turn you into a meal.
• In the tundra the predators also known as the wolves will stock, attack, kill, and eat the prey also known as the caribou.

PRODUCER

• Producers are plants that produce food for animals that only eat vegetables.
• In the tundra Caribou in some of The vegetation growing by the plant life which is also what they mostly eat, plus some fungi.

HOW AMOUNTS OF ENERGY CHANGE THROUGHOUT THE ECOSYSTEM

• Energy in the ecosystem is mostly consumed by plant life which they then use as vitamins to stay alive, caribou and other animals in the tundra eat the plants witch then provides energy for them.

HOW AMOUNTS OF MATTER MOVES THROUGHOUT THE ECOSYSTEM

• Some of the matter on the ground sometimes moves from the shifting of the earth's plates and net for water dissolving the ground into big ravines.

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