TUNDRA

How it is an Ecosystem

WHAT ARE SOME ABIOTIC FACTORS FOUND IN THE TUNDRAS

• Strong winds
• Little precipitation
• Short summers
• Very long and cold winters
• Poor soil
• Permafrost (a layer of permanently frozen soil.

SOME BIOTIC FACTORS IN THE TUNDRA

• Plants like heaths and mosses, they have to adapt to the cold winters because the sun does not come up in the winter
• Wildlife like snowy owl, reindeer, polar bears, white foxes, Arctic hares, wolverines, and black flies

The snow owl

Wolverine

What are some common animals and plant

Common plants include the bear berry, Arctic moss, caribou moss, diamond leaf willow, and the tufted saxifrage.

Common animals are caribou, ermine, water birds, polar bears, white wolves, gray Falcons, and bald eagles.

What are unique plants and animals

Unique animals are the Norway lemmings, the shrew, and the voles

Unique plants are the diamond leaf willow, the caribou moss, and the tufted saxifrage, and the pasqueflower.

Norway lemming

Pasqueflower

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The resources animals compete for

They compete for food and water because, food and water is scarce and it is the survival of the fittest.

SYMBOLIC RELATIONSHIPS (MUTUALISM)

• The alga uses photosynthesis in nature and that reduces carbon dioxide into sugars that feeds the fungus as well. The fungal counterpart in the meantime, helps provide protection to the alga by retaining water and helping in obtaining minerals from substrate. Therefore both the fungus and the green alga benefit from the relationship, making it mutualism. Very useful for feeding other things around the Tundra as well as give protection.

SYMBOLIC RELATIONSHIPS (PARASITISM)

• tapeworm tend to stay and grow in the body of various animals like moose, caribou and even wolves. These tapeworms then feed on the food that is eaten by these animals, which leads to malnutrition in the host body. So why one animal is infected with worms the worms are benefiting, because they are getting food and energy from the animal that it's inside of.

SYMBOLIC RELATIONSHIP (COMMENSALISM)

• When the caribou is on the prowl for food, the arctic fox follows it. That's when the caribou digs the ground snow in a quest to find food, it digs up the soil and slightly shows, or at least brings closer to the surface some of the subnivean mammals, with whom the arctic fox shares a predator prey relationships in the tundra. After the caribou are done, the arctic fox follows making deeper holes in the soil to get what mammals it can.

How does human activity affect the tundras

Threats

The melting of the permafrost as a result of global warming could radically change the landscape and what species are able to live there.
Ozone depletion at the North and South Poles means stronger ultraviolet rays that will harm the tundra.
Air pollution can cause smog clouds that contaminate lichen, a significant food source for many animals.…

Continueing

Solutions

Switch to alternative energy uses to minimize human-made global warming.
Establish protected areas and park reserves to restrict human influence.
Limit road construction, mining activities, and the building of pipelines in tundra habitat.
Limit tourism and respect local cultures.

Environmental change affect the animals and the populations

So if it is warmer more animals will appear and if it is colder animals would decrease and food would be scarce.

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