EdCI 2700 SUmmer 2014

How Far Education  Has Come

• Brown vs. Board of Education1954 
• IDEA- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act  1975
• FAP, LRE, and IEP
• People First Language

UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR LEARNING

• Multiple means of representation, action and expression, and engagement
• Visual, Kinesthetic, Auditory, and Tactile
• "No one size fits all!"

Risk Factors & Preventions

• Biological -prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal complications
• Enviornmental- Poverty, Toxins, Radiation, Child maltreatment
• Preventions- Immunizations, Genetic Counseling, Pregnancy care
• Early Intervention

Family Obstacles

• Stages to acceptance
• Support systems

Learning Disabilities:Characteristics

• Learning disability tied to their ability to recieve ot express information
• Perception, attention, memory, metacognition, and organization
• Listen, Think, Speak, Read, Write, Spell, or doing mathematical problems

Learning Disabilities: Interventions

• Direct Instruction
• Strategy Instruction
• Special Skills Instruction

Intellectual Disabilities: Characteristics

• Lower than average IQ's 
• Socially malajdusted
• Poor speech, organizatioin, and problems the same as LD children
• Aggressive or aloof
• Low Self Esteem

Intellectual Disabilities: Interventions

• Prompts
• Real life skills and lessons
• Curriculum generated by student's enviornment
• Use small groups
• Provide plenty of time for practice

Autism: Charateristics

• Deficiency in verbal and nonverbal communication
• Socially awkward
• Fixates on on or two particular subjects or activities (trains, dinosaurs)
• Like routine
• Very little or no eye contact

AUTISM: INTERVENTIONS

• Functional spontaneous communication should be developed early on
• Careful planning and delivery of instruction so they can learn easily
• Social instruction 
• Behavior instruction
• Fixed routines

Deaf Blindness: Characteristics

• Difficulty in or lack of verbal communication
• Low frustration tolerance
• Not accommodated  in special education programs for children with just one 
• Exhibits age inappropriate behavior  

Deaf Blindness: INtervention

• Give instruction, but through thier senses still working
• Touch, smell, taste, movement, vibration 

Emotional Disturbance: Characteristics

• Average school performance unless thier behavior interferes
• Social behavior depends on the internal and external factors
• Poor communication skills concerning expression
• Aggressive or extremely detached
• Behavior is subjective

Emotional Disturbance: Interventions

• Self Monitoring- Manage their own behavior
• Behavior Replacement

Deafness: Characteristics

• Deficit or lack of langauge, poor articulation
• Problems following verbal directions
• Low self esteem
• Communication difficulties
• Behavioral problems

Deafness: Interventions

• Look straight at the child and gesture when instructing
• Get them to practice their verbal communication as well as sign language
• Use visual aids and models that the child can see and touch 

Hearing Impairment: Characteristics

• Lack of attention
• Cocks head to the side for better hearing
• Deficit in speech, may be monotone
• Uses gestures instead of words
• Imitates others

Hearing Impairment: INterventions

• Work in small groups
• Place child as close to speaker as possible
• Have child work with signs and verbal communication

Multiple Disabilities: Characteristics

• Vary in academic achievement and cognitive functioning
• May have trouble ambulating
• Socially maladjusted
• Behavior consistent with cognitive level of functioning

Multiple Disabilities: Interventions

• Aid and assistance according to their disability
• Physical and occupational therapy
• Different methods of teaching 
• Assistive technology

Orthopedic Impairment: Characteristics

• Limited mobility
• Limited social skills if any
• Difficulty with daily routines
• Speech difficulties

ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT: Interventions

• Use different teaching methods
• Make a comfortable learning environment for the child
• Assisstive technology
• Physical therapy

Other Health Impairment: Characterics

• Academic deficiency
• Communication difficulties
• Physical limitations
• Intellectually disabled

OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRMENT: Interventions

• Assistive technology 
• Direct instruction
• Activities specialized to the student
• Extra time 
• Special Skills instruction

Language impairment: Characteristics

• Poor language skills and verbal communication
• Low self esteem
• Academically lagging

LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: INterventions

• Direct instruction for speech including phonetics, articulation, etc.
• Reading assignments
• Small groups 

Brain INjury: Characteristics

• Difficulty with cognitive functioning
• Speech deficits
• Inappropriate social behavior
• Difficulties with attention

Brain INjury: Interventions

• Encourage proper patterns of behavior
• Direct and Special skills instructions
• Give more time
• Keep them engaged

Visual Imapairment: Characteristics

• Squints a lot to read
• Not interested when in class discussions concerning the board
• May have low self esteem
• School work may be lagging when you know the child can do better

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT: Interventions

• Sit the child close to visual aids and speak up so the child can hear 
• Suggest an eye exam
• Use big print on class papers
• Use assistive technology