EDWARD'S SYNDROME

INTRODUCTION

• Edward's syndrome is a chromosomal condition.
• It's also known as trisomy 18
• Edward's syndrome comes from the presence of an extra 18th chromosome.
• It cause several abnormalities that extremely effect major organs.
• Most effects occur in the head and face area, but they can spread.

WHO'S EFFECTED

• Trisomy 18 primarily effects infants at birth.
• It occurs in about 1 in 5,000 live-born infants.
• Women who choose to have children later in life have a higher risk of having a child with this disease.
• This disease mainly occurs in foreign countries where resources may not be available to everyone or healthy
• You can usually detect the possibility Edward's syndrome during ultrasounds.

RESULTS FROM DISEASE

• Infants have slow growth rates and petite weights.
• Organs, mostly the heart, are greatly effected by trisomy 18.
• Deformations mainly occur in the head
• However, the mouth and lower jaw begin to droop
• Sometimes the mouth is deformed in the upper area.

GENETIC CHANGES

• The presence of that extra 18th chromosome causes all of the genetic changes.
• The extra chromosome negatively modifies the course for proper development of a newborn.
• In some cases, infants have limbs that are out of proportion.
• Sometimes limbs can also be misplaced on the infants' bodies.
• Infants can also develop intellectual disabilities due to Edward's syndrome.

LIFE EXPECTANCY

• Unfortunately, most infants only live for the first few months of their lives.
• What's even worse is that some don't even live for a month.
• If the disease is just too overwhelming for the child, he or she may only live for a few weeks.
• The fortunate few who do live past the first few months of life carry out normal lives, with the exception of the illness.

TREATMENTS

• Depending on how severe the case is, determines how intense the treatment must be.
• Treatments for trisomy 18 include doctors visits, possible surgeries, and frequent hospital stays.
• Even though there's no cure for Edward's syndrome, physiotherapy may help.
• Occupational therapy may also benefit the child's health.
• Because of the severity of trisomy 18, a feeding tube may be required to help sustain life.

INHERITANCE

• For the most part, Edward's syndrome isn't inherited.
• Instead, it can form from unusual occurrences during formation of gametes.
• It can also form from an issue during cell division known as nondisjunction
• This can occur when either an egg or sperm cell receives an extra 18th chromosome.
• Embryonic development can also be a factor in causing Edward's syndrome.

SYMPTOMS

• A few symptoms of Edward's syndrome are the following:
• Clenched hands
• "Rocker-bottom" feet
• Petite head (microcephaly) and jaws (micrognathia)
• Abnormal shapes of the chest (pectus carinatum)

SIGNS OF DIAGNOSIS

• Prenatal tests can occur to see the possibilities of your child having Edward's syndrome.
• Ultrasounds can also occur before birth to see the possible deformities that an infant might have.
• However, ultrasound cannot be used to fully determine the illness, but it can show potential signs.
• Women can also have different and more complicated screening tests to help diagnose trisomy 18.
• (This is a picture of an ultrasound with a child that could have Edward's syndrome)

CURRENT RESEARCH

• Scientists are now pondering about if race or ethnicity plays a role in the diagnosis.
• They're also questioning the geographic areas and seasonal patterns of Edward's syndrome.
• Even though Edward's syndrome doesn't mainly come from the environment, the lifestyles and environment also plays a role.
• Scientists are also focusing in ways to possibly lower the rate of infants with trisomy 18.

GRAPHICS

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KARYOTPE

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• "What is Edward's syndrome?." Netdoctor. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. .
• "Trisomy 18: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 8 Feb. 2014. .
• "Trisomy 18." - Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. .
• "What Is Trisomy 18?." What Is Trisomy 18. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. .
• "MedicineNet.com." Trisomy 18. MedicineNet, Inc., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. .

BIBLIOGRAPHY CONTD.

• "Health guide." The New York times. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. . (tags: none | edit tags)
• "Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18) ." Edward's syndrome. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. .
• "Edward's Syndrome - Facts and Information." Disabled World. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. .