Social Events in England 19th century

In the early 19th century mens fashion had a very big change. The coat sill had the tail on the back, but the front was cut short. The waistcoat was shown underneath. In the early 19th century some men wore boned corsets to give them a small waist. Eventually men adopted long trousers, which became very vogue. The tall hat from the 18th century was still worn with the out fit. Hair was normally short or curled in the 19th century. For day wear men wore a frock coat with straight trousers.

William Sterndale Bennet was an English composer in the 19th century. At age 10 he attended the Royal Academy of Music in London. He stayed there for 10 years. He made a reputation, of being a concert pianist. He was named the most distinguished composer of the early Victorian Era by Temperley. In 1858 William Sterndale Bennett returned to England and taught. He taught at the Royal Academy of Music for 20 years. Later on he taught at the Queens College in England.

The Salvation was a charity organization structured in a quasi military fashion. Their founders Catherine and William Booth, sought out to bring salvation to the poor. It has presence in 126 countries. It was found in 1865 by Catherine and William Booth. The army's doctrine follows mainstream christian beliefs. In the Salvation articles of faith, it emphasizes Gods's saving purpose. In modern day, the leader is Andre Cox a Britain/ Swish man.

Political Events in England 19th Century

The Treaty of Ghent was a treaty that ended the War of 1812. The war was between Britain plus the rest of the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The treaty restored the relationship between the two countries. It also restored the borders between the two countries. It was ratified by Parliament on December 30th, 1814. It was signed by Prince Regent who would later be King George IV. The treaty was in effect February 18th 115.

The Second Treaty of Paris was signed November 20 1815. It followed the defeat, in his second time taking the throne. That year in February Napoleon took the throne once again after his exile. He entered Paris on 20th of March, and started his 100 day rule. The treaty was between Britain, France and other countries.

The Treaty of Waitangi was signed February 6th 1840. It was signed by representatives of the British Crown and various Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand. The treaty established a British Governor of New Zealand. The British though the treaty gave Britain sovereignty over New Zealand, and gave the Governor a right to govern the country. The Māori people thought they ceded to the Crown a right of governance and for protection, but they handled their own affairs.

The Catholic emancipation act was a process in which Britain and Ireland, reduced and removed many restrictions on the Roman Catholics. It started in the late 18th century and early 19th century. These laws were introduced by the Act of Uniformity, and the Test Acts. Most significant measure was the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829. It removed the most substantial restrictions on Roman Catholicism. The main thing was that it showed the Parliament no longer acted exclusively for the Church of England

The Religious Disabilities Act was an act in 1846. It ended the restrictions on Catholics for education, charities, and property. Oxford, Cambridge, and Durham universities were still able to ban Catholics. They were only able to ban catholics until the passage of the University Tests Act of 1871. This also help extend to the Jews, the same rights.

The Jews Relief Act of 1858 was an act the removed the barriers to Jews entering Parliament. It followed the Roman Catholic Relief Act of 1829. The Act was initiated in a long process which was introduced by Lord John Russell. Which was followed by the election of Lionel de Rothschild in 1847. He could not take the seat without taking the Christian Oath. The bill was supported by the future Conservative Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli.
In 1848 the bill was approved by the House of Commons, but was then rejected. Finally in 1858 the House of Lords agreed to allow each house to decide its own oath.

Oliver Twist is the second novel written by English author Charles dickens. It was published by Richard Bentley in 1838. The story is about an orphan boy Oliver Twist, a miserable boy who lived and worked in a workhouse.
After the workhouse he was placed with an Undertaker. He then escapes and travels to London where he meets the leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. He was oblivious to the gang's mischief. Oliver is then led to the lair of an elderly criminal trainer Fagin. Oliver Twist is notable because of Charles Dickens unromantic portrayal of criminals and their horrible lives.

John Stuart Mill was a British philosopher, political economist and civil servant. He was influential contributor to social theory, political theory and political economy. Some call him the most influential English speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century. His conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was proponent of utilitarianism. He was also a Member of Parliament and an important figure in liberal political philosophy. He was born in 1806 and died 12 days before is 67th birthday.

Herbert Spencer was and English Philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era. He developed an all embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world. He also wrote about evolution before Darwin did. He contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, anthropology, economics, political theory, philosophy, literature, biology, sociology and psychology. He achieved tremendous authority in English speaking academia.

In 1813, George Stephenson heard that William Hedley and Timothy Hackworth were designing a locomotive, for another company. At the age of 20, he started building his own locomotive. Every part of the locomotive was built by hand, and had to be hammered into shape. A man named John Thorswall was his main assistant, he was a coal mine blacksmith. In 1814 he finished his locomotive, and called it the Blucher. It was completed and tested, July 25 1814. It was the first Steam Locomotive Engine on railroads, and was the best built to this time.

The Davy Lamp was an safety lamp invented by Sir Humphry Davy. It consisted of a wick lamp inside a mesh screen This lamp was used in flammable atmospheres, like a coal mine. It was invented in 1815, to reduce the danger of explosions, due to methane and flammable gasses. It originally burned on heavy vegetable oil. Davy figured out that a flame inside mesh, cannot catch on fire. It would let the air pass through, but the wholes were so fine in the mesh, the flame would not combust.

The Electromagnet was invented by and English man named William Sturgeon in 1825. He also invented the first practical electric motor. What he did was wrap a coil around a battery with a wire. When he tested out the power of his electromagnet he used on seven ounce piece of iron and a single battery. With only this equipment he picked up a seven pound object.

Lewes Avalanche remains the deadliest avalanche in the history of the UK and England. It occurred December 27 1836. December 1836 was a severe weather year. This avalanche killed 8 people and destroyed a row of cottages. Cliff Hill was the mountain that the avalanche came from. The cottages stood right at the foot of the mountain. So the people in the cottages were at risk, if any avalanche had hit them.

1854 Cholera Pandemic was a bacteria that spread in London. The first outbreak of Cholera was seen in Soho. It was then linked to the water by John Snow a physician. Over the next three days 127 people on Broad Street died. By September 10th, 500 people had died, and by the end of the outbreak 616 people had died. Snow called this outbreak the worst outbreak of Cholera to ever happen in the United Kingdom.

The New Poor Law was an act of the Parliament passed by the Whig government of Earl Grey that reformed the poverty relief system. This law was passed in 1934. It curbed the cost of poor relief. This led to the creation of workhouses, where people who were unemployed could work. The law was reformed after 1832 Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws, investigated the previous law. The committee included Edwin Chadwick, George Nicholls, John Bird Summer, and Nassau William Senior