PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Exordium: The introduction
Narratio: Sets forth facts of the case.
Partition: The thesis.
Confirmatio: Writer lays out and supports arguments.
Refutatio: Writer looks at counter arguments and demonstrates why they aren't compelling.
Peroratio: Conclusion/resolution of paper.
An introduction to the problem and a demonstration that the opponent's position is understood.
A statement of the contexts in which the opponent's position may be valid.
A statement of the writer's position, including the contexts in which it is valid.
A statement of how the opponent's position would benefit if he were to adopt elements of the writer's position. If the writer can show that the positions complement each other, that each supplies what the other lacks, so much the better.
The Toulmin Model
•Developed by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin in the 1950’s
•Emphasizes that logic often based on probability rather than certainty
•Focuses on claims
•Three primary components
•Three components:
Claim = the main point or position
Data = the evidence supporting the claim, aka the reasons
Warrant = an underlying assumption or basic principle that connects data and claim; often implied rather than explicit