PRESENTATION OUTLINE
General knowledge about enzymes.
Enzymes, complex proteins produced by all living things.
They play an important role in nearly all the chemical reactions that take place in organisms by acting as catalysts. (Catalysts are chemical substances that change the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves being changed).
Without enzymes, an organism could not function properly because such metabolic processes as respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis would take to…
In industry
We have been using enzymes for thousands of years to make various drinks and things to eat, such as cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer, and wine.
As well as its use in the brewing industry, we also use fermentation in bakeries to make bread rise. One enzyme molecule can catalyse 10 million reactions in a single second! They also work at relatively low temperatures (typically, about 40 °C), saving energy and therefore saving money.
Industry Function of enzymes
confectionery:
break down starch syrup into glucose syrup (carbohydrases are used);
change glucose into fructose, which is sweeter so less is needed and is used in 'slimming' foods (isomerase);
break down sucrose into glucose and fructose;
make artificial sweeteners
baby food: start off digestion of food (proteases and lipases)
fruit juice: make the juice clear (pectinase)
biological detergent:
break down stains (proteases attacks proteins and lipases attack fats);soften fabrics (cellulases break down the 'bobbly' bits that can form)
meat: make the meat tender
medical :treat cancer, make drugs such as synthetic penicillin.
