EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDEMIOLOGY
The study of health and disease in populations

EPIDEMIOLOGY IS THE CORNERSTONE OF PUBLIC HEALTH

INFORMS POLICY DECISIONS

PROVIDES DATA FOR:

• IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PROGRAMS

nhanes

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NHANES

• ANEMIA
• BODY COMPOSITION
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
• DIABETES
• INFECTIOUS DISEASES

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• KIDNEY DISEASE
• NUTRITION
• OBESITY
• ORAL HEALTH

NHANES DATA

• GROWTH CHARTS
• LEAD REDUCTION IN FOOD/GASOLINE
•  DIABETES AS UNDIAGNOSED DISEASES STATE IN USA
• HELPED DETERMINE IODIDE DEFICIENCY
•  FDA: DECIDES IF VITAMINS/MINERAL FORTIFICATIONS NEED TO CHANGE

HEATHY PEOPLE 2020

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objectives of healthy people 2020

TRENDS IN GINGIVITIS

NATIONAL SURVEY DATA

• Gingivitis is found in early childhood
• More prevalent and severe in adolescence
• Tends to level off in older age
• Improvement in overall gingival health:
• between NHANES 1 and NHANES 3

TRENDS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE

PROBLEMS IN

• DEFINITION        
• MEASUREMENT
• INTER-EXAMINER RELIABILITY

Overall conclusions

• Mild-Moderate periodontitis affects the majority of the population
• 5%-20% suffer from severe, generalized periodontal disease
• For those most susceptible, perio is evident in teenage and early adulthood
• Risk factors include smoking, genetic predisposition, diabetes
• As well as, stress, and several uncommon systemic diseases

old model of perio disease vs. present model

TRENDS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE DETECTION