Era II Vocabulary

Jamestown

• The first permanent English Colony.

King James I

• He granted a charter to the Virginia Company in 1606 to settle & civilize America. He wanted to prevent Spanish advancements in the New World & find a Northern passage to Asia.

Virginia Colony

• Also known as Jamestown. The colony of Jamestown was founded when 105 colonists landed near the mouth of the James River, in Virginia.

John Smith

• He became the leader of Jamestown after he took control of the colony, and implemented the rule that those who don't work will not eat.

Tobacoo

• A cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown; introduced to Virginia by John Rolfe.

Cash Crop

• A crop that colonists can sell. Ex.Tobacco

Indentured Servant

• A poor English who agree to work for a number of years in return for their passage to the New World.

Slavery

• Eventually even more labor is needed to keep up with the Demand for tobacco. The First Africans were brought to Jamestown in 1619 & institution of slavery begins.

House of Burgess

• The first form of government. Established in 1619 so colonists could make their own laws.

Middle Colonies

• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, & Delaware made up the middle colonies.

William Penn

• Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania; treated Indians fairly, promoted equality, pacifism, and religious tolerance.

New England Colonies

• The New England colonies were made up of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.

Pilgrims

• A group of English Protestant dissenters who established the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom.

Plymouth Colony

• Colony settled by the Pilgrims. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony.

John Winthrop

• In 1628, he became governor of the larger Massachusetts Bay Colony. He wished to create a “City Upon a Hill”. This was his Puritan vision of a Christian society.

King Philip

• Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip's War against colonial expansion.

Joint Stock

• A group of wealthy investors who established settlements in America for a profit.

Middle Passage

• A journey transporting slaves from Africa to the New World. Slaves were crammed in close quarters on disease infested ships to cross the Atlantic Ocean and only a few survived the journey.

French & Indian War

• Also known as King Philip’s War was a war between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists; was the result of tension caused by white settlers moving into Native American lands; the war ended Indian resistance in New England leaving the area for colonial expansion.

Southern Colonies

• British settlements: The Jamestown Colony, The Province of Maryland, The Province of Carolina, The Province of Georgia.