Erosion and Weathering
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
What is Erosion?Erosion is the action of exogenic processes which remove soil and rock from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it to another location.
Photo by Al_HikesAZ
What is Weathering?The various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose.
Photo by AcrylicArtist
What is Deposition?Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or land mass.
Photo by subarcticmike
Weathering
Photo by pareeerica
Chemical Weathering
Chemical Weathering is the process that changes a rock's composition.It is much more common in locations where there is a lot of water.
Photo by pocaagua
Mechanical weathering is the set of various processes of weathering that break apart rocks into particles. There are five major mechanisms of mechanical weathering: 1. Abrasion 2.Crystallization 3.Thermal fracture 4.Hydration 5.Exfoliation
Photo by haglundc
Wind Erosion
Photo by pareeerica
DunesWhen the wind deposits sand, it forms small hills of sand. These hills are called sand dunes. They are found mainly in deserts and on beaches.
Photo by Edgar Barany
LoessWhen the wind drops fine particles of silt and clay, it forms deposits called loess. Loess can become a thick, rich soil and are used for farming in many parts of the world.
Deflation & AbrasionDeflation is the process by which wind moves particles that are loose. Abrasion is when an area is eroded directly by airborne particles.
Photo by arbyreed
Glacier Erosion
Photo by pareeerica
Glacial TillGlaciers deposit their sediment when they melt. They drop and leave behind whatever was once frozen in their ice. It’s usually a mixture of particles and rocks of all sizes, called glacial till.
EskerEsker is a long, narrow, winding ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial or englacial meltwater stream.
MorainesMoraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto the glacier surface.The dirt and rocks composing moraines can range in size from powdery silt to large rocks and boulders.
PluckingPlucking is when melt water from a glacier freezes around lumps of cracked and broken rock. When the ice moves downhill, rock is plucked from the back wall.
OutwashAn outwash plain, is a plain formed of glacial sediments deposited by meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier.
Soil Conservation
Photo by pareeerica
Soil ConservationSoil Conservation is a combination of practices used to protect the soil from degradation. It involves treating the soil as a living ecosystem, by returning organic matter to the soil on a continual basis.
Photo by xjyxjy
No-till farming No-till farming is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.
Photo by NRCS Soil Health
Contour farmingContour farming is growing crops across or perpendicular to a slope rather than up and down. The rows running across the slope are designed to be as level as possible on the contour.
Photo by cwwycoff1
Forest harvestingForest harvesting is the process of cutting trees and delivering them from the forest to sawmills, and other wood-processing plants. It includes forest engineering, and log transportation.
WindbreaksWindbreaks are linear plantings of trees and shrubs designed to enhance crop production. Field windbreaks protect a variety of wind-sensitive crops, and control wind erosion.
Water Erosion
Photo by pareeerica
Water erosionWater erosion is the detachment and removal of soil material by water. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity.
mudflowA mudflow is a form of mass wasting involving debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to the source material.
Photo by brewbooks
Gravity Erosion
Photo by pareeerica
Gravity erosionGravity is responsible for erosion by flowing water and glaciers. Gravity can pull soil, mud, and rocks down cliffs and hillsides.
Photo by Justin Ornellas
SlumpSlump is the sudden movement of large blocks of rock and soil down a slope. Slump is caused by a layer of slippery, wet clay underneath the rock and soil on a hillside.
Photo by sandy richard
CreepCreep is the very slow movement of rock and soil down a hillside.The slowly moving ground causes trees, and other structures on the surface to tilt downhill.
Photo by Curtis Abert
Rockfall Rockfall is a form of mass movement in which pieces of rock travel downward after they are initially separated from the slope.
Photo by Dru!
Soil Erosion
Photo by pareeerica
