1 of 13

Slide Notes

DownloadGo Live

Faults

Published on Nov 19, 2015

No Description

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

FAULTS

BY ADREYN HALBMAIER

FAULT

  • In geology, a fracture in the rocks of the Earth's crust,
  • where compressional or tensional forces cause the rocks on the opposite sides
  • of the fracture to be displaced relative to each other.
  • Most, if not all, earthquakes are caused by rapid movement along faults.
  • Faults are common throughout the world.
Photo by alex_ferguson

THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAULTS

  • There are:
  • DIP-SLIP FAULTS (Reverse Fault or Normal Fault)
  • STRIKE-SLIP FAULT. (transcurrent fault, lateral fault, tear fault or wrench fault)
  • OBLIQUE-SLIP FAULT
Photo by tarotastic

1.DIP-SLIP FAULTS

  • a) Normal Fault
  • In a normal fault, the block above the fault moves down
  • relative to the block below the fault.
  • This fault motion is caused by tensional forces and results in extension.
  • [Other names: normal-slip fault, tensional fault or gravity fault]

THE NORMAL FAULT

  • The normal fault is not necessarily normal in the sense that it is common because it is not the most common
  • Of faults. However what is normal about them is that their movement tends to follow the gravitational pull on
  • the fault blocks involved. The fault plane on the normal fault is generally very steep. In a normal fault the two
  • involved blocks are (by gravity) pulling away from one another causing one of the fault blocks to slip upward
  • and the other downward with respect to the fault plane (it is hard to determine whether both or just one.....

THE NORMAL FAULT CONTINUED

  • block has moved.).The exposed upward block forms a cliff-like feature known as a fault scarp. A scarp
  • may range from a few to hundreds of meters in height and their length may continue for 300 or more kilometers
  • (around 200 miles).

1. DIP-SLIP FAULTS CONT'D

  • b) Reverse Fault
  • In a reverse fault, the block above the fault moves up relative to the block below the fault
  • This fault motion is caused by compressional forces and results in shortening.
  • A reverse fault is called a thrust fault if the dip of the fault plane is small.
  • [Other names: thrust fault, reverse-slip fault or compressional fault]

THE REVERSE FAULT

  • The reverse fault is a normal fault except the general movement of the fault blocks is toward each other, not
  • away from each other as in the normal fault. This forms a thrust fault type expression on the surface with
  • material overlaying other material.

2.STRIKE-SLIP FAULT

  • In a strike-slip fault, the movement of blocks along a fault is horizontal. If the block on the far
  • side of the fault moves to the left, as shown in this animation, the fault is called left-lateral.
  • If the block on the far side moves to the right, the fault is called right-lateral. The fault motion of
  • a strike-slip fault is caused by shearing forces.
  • [Other names: transcurrent fault, lateral fault, tear fault or wrench fault]

Transcurrent Fault (Strike-Slip Fault)

  • Probably the most well known and well studied fault is the transcurrent (strike-slip) fault known
  • as the San Andreas fault of California. This fault marks the margin line between the Pacific and North
  • American Plates. Movement on a strike strip fault is generally horizontal. On the surface, scarps form as hills
  • crossing the fault zone are torn apart by movement over time. Actually anything crossing this fault zone is either
  • slowly torn apart, or offset.

3. OBLIQUE-SLIP FAULT

Photo by @Cristianhold

(SORT OF) FUN FAULT FACTS

  • Faults range in length from a few centimetres to many hundreds of kilometers
  • and displacement likewise may range from less than a centimeter to several hundred
  • kilometres along the fracture surface (the fault plane).

THE END!!!!

HOPE YOU ENJOYED!

MORE DECKS BY THIS AUTHOR

Bill Of Rights

141 views

Math

218 views

Percent Of Change

114 views

Percent Of Change

68 views

Poetry

590 views