Gender Schema Theory
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
GENDER SCHEMA THEORY
MARTIN AND HALVERSON
GENDER IDENTITY IS AN OUTCOME OF CHILDREN STRUCTURING THEIR EXPERIENCES. LEARN ABOUT GENDER APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR BEFORE GENDER CONSTANCY IS ACHIEVED
SCHEMAS
ORGANISED CLUSTERS OF INFORMATION ABOUT GENDER APPROPRIATE BEHAVIOUR. DEVELOPED THROUGH INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PEOPLE
INGROUPS
GIRLS FOCUS ON FEMININE SCHEMAS, BOYS FOCUS ON MASCULINE SCHEMAS. CHILDREN FOLLOW INGROUPS SCHEMAS AND AVOID OUTGROUP SCHEMA BEHAVIOUR
FIXED ATTITUDES
THIS THEORY EXPLAINS CHILDREN’S FOXED GENDER ATTITUDES - THEY IGNORE INFORMATION FROM OUTGROUP SCHEMAS.
SUPPORT - RESEARCH INDICATES STEREOTYPES ARE FORMED BEFORE CONSTANCY
MARTIN & LITTLE - CHILDREN UNDER 4 SHOWED NO GENDER CONSTANCY BUT DISPLAYED STRONG GENDER STEREOTYPES. THEY’RE AWARE OF GENDER ROLES BEFORE KOHLBERG SUGGESTED
SUPPORTED BY RESEARCH WHICH SHOWS GENDER SCHEMAS ORGANISE MEMORY
MARTIN & HALVERSON THAT CHILDREN UNDER SIX RECALLED MORE GENDER-CONSISTENT PICTURES RATHER THAN GENDER-INCONSISTENT ONES.
IMPORTANCE OF SCHEMAS IN ATTENTION IS SUPPORTED BY BRADBARD ET AL.
CHILDREN 4-9 YEARS, WERE TOLD GENDER NEUTRAL ITEMS AWES BOY/GIRL ITEMS. PPS HAD MORE INTEREST IN THE IN-GROUP LABELLED TOYS
GST EXPLAINS THE RESILIENCE OF GENDER STEREOTYPES
EXPLAINS WHY CHILDREN ARE SEXIST. HOWEVER, HOFFMAN REPORTED CHILDREN WHOSE MOTHERS WORK HAVE LESS STEREOTYPED VIEWS.
SOME STUDIES SHOW THAT CHILDREN CAN ACT GENDER-TYPICAL BEFORE DEVELOPING SCHEMAS
EISENBERG - 3 TO 4 YEAR OLDS JUSTIFIES THEIR GENDER-SPECIFIC CHOICE OF TOY WITHOUT REFERENCE TO GENDER STEREOTYPES - CHALLENGES GST
