Gene
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Chromosome
- a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
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DNA
- Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Gene
- (in informal use) a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
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Dominant trait
- In genetics, a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it. ( Compare recessive trait.) Note : In humans, dark hair is a dominant trait; if one parent contributes a gene for dark hair and the other contributes a gene for light hair, the child will have dark hair.
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Recessive trait
- Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive.
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Heredity
- the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. "few scientists dispute that heredity can create a susceptibility to alcoholism" synonyms: congenital traits, genetic makeup, genes; ancestry, descent, extraction, parentage "heredity is a major factor in the diagnosis of many conditions"
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Allele
- the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. "few scientists dispute that heredity can create a susceptibility to alcoholism" synonyms: congenital traits, genetic makeup, genes; ancestry, descent, extraction, parentage "heredity is a major factor in the diagnosis of many conditions"
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Heterozygous
- Heterozygous. A diploid organism is heterozygous at a gene locus when its cells contain two different alleles of a gene. The cell or organism is called a heterozygote specifically for the allele in question, and therefore, heterozygosity refers to a specific genotype.
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Homozygous
- Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive. When an individual has two of the same allele, whether dominant or recessive, they are homozygous. Heterozygous means having one each of two different alleles.
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Sex cells
- Sex cells and chromosomes. Human body cells each contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. Parents pass on their genes to their offspring in their sex cells. female sex cells are called egg cells, or ova. male sex cells are called sperm
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Phenotype
- the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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Punnett Square
- The Punnett square is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. Punnett, who devised the approach. The diagram is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype.
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