HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION

HEPATITIS

THERE ARE THREE FORMS OF COMMON HEPATITIS

• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

UNCOMMON HEPATITS

• Hepatitis D
• Hepatitis E

HEPATITIS A

HEPATITIS A TRANSMISSION

• Person to person
• Contaminated uncooked food
• Waterborne outbreaks

WHO IS AT RISK?

• Travelers
• Man w/w intercourse
• Injection of illegal drugs
• Persons w/ clotting factors
• Persons working with primates

SYMPTOMS OF HAV

• Dark urine
• Abdominal pain
• Jaundice
• Clay-colored stool
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite

HOW IT SPREAD IN THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT

• This is infrequent
• From a Fecally incontient patient
• Eating or drinking in infected patient care areas
• Not wasting hands after using the facilities

HOW IS HAV TREATED?

• Vaccine

FINANCIAL COSTS

• No insurance coverage:
• Consultation fee+shot administering+2 required dosages = $60-300
• Follow up appointment = $25-85

HEPATITIS B

HEPATITIS B TRANSMISSION

• Birth (infected birth canal)
• Sex w/ infected partner
• Sharing needles or other drug injectors
• Sharing razors or toothbrushes
• Direct contact w/ blood or open sores

WHO IS AT RISK FOR HBV?

• If you have an std
• Man w/ man intercourse
• Living with infected persons
• Exposure to blood
• Traveling to under developed countries
• Hemodialysis patients

Hepatitis B symptoms are similar to those of hepatitis A

TREATMENT FOR HBV

• No medication to treat acute Hbv
• Doctors recommend rest, proper nutrition, and fluids
• Some patients may need hospitalization
• Chronic Hbv should be closely monitored for signs of liver damage
• Several medications have been approved for Hbv but not every patient needs it

FINANCIAL COSTS

• Not covered with insurance:
• Consultation fee+shot administration+3 required vaccine= $120-370
• Follow up appointment= $25-85

HEPATITIS C

HEPATITIS C TRANSMISSION

• Transmitted primarily through multiple or large skin punctures or exposure like use p of illegal drugs
• Recipient of donated blood or organs
• Needle stick injury in health care setting
• Birth to hcv- infected mother

WHO IS AT RISK?

• Current injection drug users
• Past injection drug users
• Recipient of blood or organ donation
• People who received blood products for clotting problems before 1987
• Received un-sterile tattoos and piercings
• Hemodialysis patients

Hcv symptoms are similar to those of hepatitis B and hepatitis A

HCV TREATMENT

• Acute infection can clear on its own without treatment in about 25% of people
• Chronic hcv has several medications approved by the FDA for treatment
• But there is no vaccination to prevent getting this disease

HOW IS IT SPREAD IN THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT?

• Contact w/ Unsterile needles

FINANCIAL COSTS

• There is no vaccination for hepatitis c so there are no financial issues

CITATIONS

• http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm
• http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/bfaq.htm
• http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hav/havfaq.htm#general
• http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm#section2
• http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/cfaq.htm
• http://health.costhelper.com/hepatitis-vaccine.html