Ptolemy was an astronomer who wrote a book on the observations of planets, Ptolemy developed a detailed geocentric model that was used by astronomers for the next 14 centuries
Kepler was a German astronomer who formed 3 principles known as the Kepler laws. Kepler also analyzed observations of the planets and found that the exactly circular path of motion did not fit perfectly, and ellipses fit better
Galileo was a scientist who approached questions called scientific methods. Galileo made significant improvements to the newly invented telescope. He observed the planets with his telescope and observed that earth was not the only object that could be orbited.