People believed animation was magic because Winsor McCay used to go on stage with his animation Gertie the dinosaur and make it seem like it was do everything he said and because people didn't understand how this was possible they thought it was magic.
One animation that was created before film was the ThaumTrope it spins a single disc around on a string on both sides of the disc and creates a allusion.
Another form of animation before film was the Phenakistocope it was a moving disc with a stick that had a bunch of image on it and when you spun the stick it would create a illusion it was moving.