HISTORY OF FITNESS

10,000BC/8,000BC

WHAT THEY VALUE IN FIITNESS

• They valued fitness highly because they had to hunt without guns and bows instead they used spears slingshots and bolas and they had to have good aim.

IMPORTANCE IN FITNESS

• Importance is that they had to survive and they had to run after animals and carry meat back to their camp but if they were to kill something really large like a mammoth the tribe or group would go to the mammoth. so they couldn't be fat

PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

• Ran
• Climbed trees
• Swam
• Carried meat

4,000BC TO 250BC

IT WAS A WAR AIR

• They trained and they had to be fit to fight
• They trained but physical activity became less important

ANCIENT CHINESE 2500 TO 250BC

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• The Chinese recognized that regular exercise could prevent certain diseases
• They also encouraged exercise

ANCIENT GREEK

IMPORTANCE

• Greeks believed development of the body was as much important as mind development
• They trained to fight and built towns

ROME

ROMANS

• They also maintained good physical condition and be prepared for the draft people ages 17 to 60 trained to run throwing jumping and marching they started winning wars and they stopped training as hard and they got defeated

DARK AGES

SURVIVAL

• Hunting and gathering food and tending cattle fitness experienced a revival during the dark and Middle Ages

THE RENAISSANCE

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• The Theory that high fitness levels enhanced intellectual learning was introduced they spread the theory thought Europe

NATIONAL PERIOD IN EUROPE

RENAISSANCE PASSED ON

• They passed on physical fitness and educational fitness. gymnastics gained popularity. Archibald Maclaren developed Great Britain's National Systems of Bodily Exercise and Training.

AMERICAS COLONIAL PERIOD

EARLY SETTLERS

• Faced hardships which required physical activity in order to survive
• Spent much time plowing for crops, hunting for food and herding cattle.

AMERICAS NATIONAL PERIOD

GAINED INDEPENDENCE

• Little emphasis was placed on physical education, however leaders recommended regular physical activity

AMERICA POST CIVIL WAR

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Technology replaced labor intensive jobs. Rural life gave way to city life
• Dioclesian Lewis introduced The New Gymnastics. Development of anthropometric measurements to assess fitness, first studies on fitness instruction and creation of organized fitness teaching methodologies.

20TH CENTRY

CHANGE IN THE 20TH CENTURY

• Many draftees were unfit for combat during WWI. Government passed legislation that physical education programs be improved.
• Fitness levels declined in the roaring 20s
• WWII showed low fitness levels of Americans serving. This helped focus the country's attention on the importance of fitness.
• Early years of Cold War focus of fitness shifted from adults to children. Educating the public about consequences of low fitness levels became a goal.
• 1960s and beyond. President Kennedy was a major proponent of fitness and prompted the government to promote fitness. Dr. Ken Cooper advocated disease prevention instead of treatment. His programs and ideas established the model from which fitness has proliferated through modern times.