History: Vocabulary

Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment was an intellectual revolution which began in the late 1700's, to the early 1800's.
• It's ideas influenced the american colonies to shed British rule.

Separation of Powers

• Helps prevent one branch from having TO MUCH POWER.
• Fun fact: There are a total of 3 branches- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

French and indian war!

• It was a war (1755–60) between the England and the American Colonies, which were against the French.
• It was also called the SEVEN YEAR WAR.

SOns of liberty

• It was an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies.
• Fun Fact: The reason for it was to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.

The american revolution

• It was a war between Great Britain and its American colonies, 1775–83, by which the colonies won their independence.

Declaration of INDEPENDENCE

• It outlined why the colonist should be free of British rule.
• Basically a break-up leter.

Untitled Slide

• The idea that people are born with natural rights. -John Locke
• People have the right to change or overthrow a government that doesn't support/protect the peoples rihgts.

Articled of confederation

• In 1781, it became law of the land.
• Created a loose confederation of independent states and weak central government.

great compromise

• Congress is split into 2 houses.
• The house of reps and the senate.

Federalists

• an advocate or supporter of federalism

anti-federalist

• A movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government

FEDERALISM

• It's power divided between the federal government and state government.

bill of rights

• The Bill of Rights guaranteed the freedoms of speech, press, and religion.
• Also the protection from unreasonable searches and seizures.

free exercise clause

• The right of American citizens to accept any religious belief and engage in religious rituals.

Establishment clause

• It prohibits the government from making any law “respecting an establishment of religion.

judicial review

• The power of courts to determine the validity of the acts of the Legislative or the Executive departments of government.

louisiana purchase

• 1803- Congress approved
• Napoleon offered to sell all of the Louisiana territory to the US.

monroe doctrine

• Monroe took a decision to issue a statement, saying that the American continents should not be seen as open to colonization.

trail of tears

• Part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands.
• The reason behind the name, was because of its devasting effects.

mormons

• Followers of Joseph Smith who founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Later-day saints.

manifest destiny

• Is a term for the attitude prevalent during the 19th century period of American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast.

second great awakening

• Religious leaders orginaized to revive the nations commitment to religion in a movement.

abolition

• The action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution.

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION

• Northerners began to agree that slavery was BAD!
• Lincoln issued the proclamation, which resulted in FREEING ALL enslaved people in states of war.

reconstruction

• A time period that followed the civil war.

13th AMENDMENT

• Bannded SLAVERY!

14th amendments

• African Americans get citizenship.

15th amendment

• African Americans have the oppertunity to vote.

Freedman's bureau

• Congress established the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned lands.
• Feed and clothed war refugees in the South.

poll taxes

• Tax paid if you wanted to vote.

jim crow

• Aimed at separarting the races in the south.

lord BALTIMORe

• Was the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. Like many early U.S. cities, this name originated from Europe.

john locke

• English philosopher who expressed the idea that thte people are born with "natural rights."

thomas jefferson

• Author of the Declaration of Independence, and was the 3rd president.

james madison

• Main author of the Constitution, and was the 4th president.

john marshall

• The fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801–1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches

harriet tubman

• Harriet Tubman escaped slavery to become a leading abolitionist. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom along the route of the Underground Railroad.

Abraham LINCOLN

• Abraham Lincoln became the United States' 16th President in 1861, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy in 1863.

dred scott vs. stanford

• Was a landmark decision by the U.S. Supreme Court.
• the Court held that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court.

Plessy VS. ferguson

• 1892
• "Seprate but EQUAL!"