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Hobbes

Published on Nov 25, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

HOBBES

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Hobbes' theory has two parts:

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mechanistic psychology

which is based on the principles of the "new science"
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ethics and political theory

which are based on the psychology he developed.
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Mechanistic Materialism

EVERYTHING IS REDUCIBLE TO MATERIAL BODIES IN MOTION.MENTAL PHENOMENA=PHYSIOLOGICAL MOTIONS
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How does he define GOOD and EVIL?

•GOOD = those things we desire •EVIL = those things we fear

State of nature

IT DESCRIBE HUMAN MOTIVES AND CONDUCT IN AN IMAGINARY “ORIGINAL SOCIETY,” PRIOR TO GOVERNMENT
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This “thought experiment”

Uses the description of human nature as a basis for justifying government in general
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STATE OF NATURE THEORIES WERE DESIGNED TO REPLACE THE CONCEPT OF “ORIGINAL SIN",

HUMAN BEINGS HAD BEEN CREATED BY A PERFECT GOD BUT HAD LOST THIS PERFECTION THROUGH DISOBEDIENCE
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WHAT WAS THE “ORIGINAL CONDITION” OF HUMAN BEINGS?

WHEN THIS THEORY WAS NO LONGER SEEN AS CREDIBLE IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURY
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the right of nature

Each person in the state of nature has a liberty right to preserve herself
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practical rationality

people should adopt what they see to be the necessary means to their most important ends.
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War as "natural state" of man

solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.
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SOCIETY

originates out of self-interest and fear, not out of affection for other humans.

THE 1RST “LAW OF NATURE” IS THAT WE SHOULD SEEK PEACE

But, if peace is not possible, we should use all means we can to defend ourselves

The second "law of nature"

We should lay down our right to all things if others agree to.
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GOVERNMENT

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