HYPONATERMIA

CAUSES

• The sodium level in your blood becomes too low
• extra water fills the cells and causes them to swell
• Normal sodium level is between 135 - 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) of sodium
• Hyponatermia occurs when the sodium in blood falls below 135 mEq/L

TYPES OF HYPONATERMIA

• Hypervolemic Hyponatermia: when the body has too much water
• - commonly the result of kidney, heart, or liver failure.
• Euvolemic Hyponatermia: water level is too high
• - commonly due to chronic health conditions, cancer or certain medications.
• Hypovolemic Hyponatermia: when there is not enough water and sodium (exercising without drinking regularly)

SYMPTOMS

• Nausea and vomiting
• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness, spasms or cramps
• Unconsciousness
• Restlessness and irritability

RISK

• Age: more common in older adults
• Climate: New exposure to hot weather can increase the amount of sodium
• Diet: a low - sodium diet
• Intensive physical therapy: Drinking large amounts of water while working out