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I: Among twenty  snowy  mountains/ The only moving thing/Was the eye of the blackbird.

Published on Mar 29, 2016

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

13 Ways to Look at a Blackbird

by Wallace Stevens
Photo by W. Visser

I

Among twenty snowy mountains,
The only moving thing
Was the eye of the blackbird.

How does this stanza differ from that of the Romantic poems?

*speaker
*subject
*landscape
*sense of nature
*sense of God or divinity

Does this poem seem to be a poem about nature?
Does a speaker identify himself at the beginning?
Compare this depiction of nature to Wordsworth description of the daffodils? What are specific differences? Ask students to consider the movement of the blackbird versus the movement of the daffodils.
Photo by Jasen Miller

II

I was of three minds,
Like a tree
In which there are three blackbirds.

II: Divided Self; Detached Speaker: The speaker does not have a unified sense of self, and the distinct “I” continually disappears throughout the poem, detaching himself to the point at which the poem’s language, not the speaker, takes center stage.

III

The blackbird whirled in the autumn winds.
It was a small part of the pantomime.

III: Powerless and Alienated: The blackbird has no clear power/agency; the wind, by contrast, whirls around the blackbird, creating a sense of futility to the blackbird’s existence. Additionally, the blackbird is but a “small part” of the silent motions/gestures of the landscape.
Photo by dbaron

IV

A man and a woman
Are one.
A man and a woman and a blackbird
Are one.

IV: Riddles: Here, the reader is called upon to decipher meaning from this “riddle” or language puzzle. Meaning is not handed to the reader easily and clearly; instead, he or she must play language games as well.
Photo by jaci XIII

V

I do not know which to prefer,
The beauty of inflections
Or the beauty of innuendoes,
The blackbird whistling
Or just after.

V: Playing with Language: The speaker describes the beauty of language and demonstrates his own playing with language in the last two lines.

VI

Icicles filled the long window
With barbaric glass.
The shadow of the blackbird
Crossed it, to and fro.
The mood
Traced in the shadow
An indecipherable cause.

VI: Desolate World: Even nature (icicles) is “barbaric.”
Ambiguity: There is ambiguity in “the mood,” which is both ”traced in the shadow” (hence, unclear) and explicitly “indecipherable.”
Photo by JeremyOK

VII

O thin men of Haddam,
Why do you imagine golden birds?
Do you not see how the blackbird
Walks around the feet
Of the women about you?

VII: Allusive: Reference to information outside the poem: “men of Haddam,” a town in Connecticut.
Photo by liquidnight

VIII

I know noble accents
And lucid, inescapable rhythms;
But I know, too,
That the blackbird is involved
In what I know.

VIII: Analytical: Again, riddle-like language.
Photo by Dee'lite

IX
When the blackbird flew out of sight,
It marked the edge
Of one of many circles.

IX: Fragmentation: From here on out, the poem becomes a series of seemingly disconnected vignettes. It is up to the reader to piece together meaning from these disconnected clips.

X
At the sight of blackbirds
Flying in a green light,
Even the bawds of euphony
Would cry out sharply.

X: Description is Secondary: Description takes a back seat to play with allusive language.
Photo by Jaypeg

XI
He rode over Connecticut
In a glass coach.
Once, a fear pierced him,
In that he mistook
The shadow of his equipage
For blackbirds.

XI: Convoluted: Here, the references to blackbirds are becoming convoluted, demonstrating the speaker’s preference for internal musings rather than clear descriptions.
Photo by David Reeves

XII
The river is moving.
The blackbird must be flying.

XII: Additional disconnected musings/non sequiturs.
Photo by Claudio.Ar

XIII
It was evening all afternoon
It was snowing
And it was going to snow.
The blackbird sat
In the cedar-limbs.

XIII: Meaning through Montage: The poem ends with continued play with language, and the poems comes full circle to the blackbird in the snowy mountains. This ending positions the speaker as one who has only imagined the poem internally via language, as opposed to one who has ventured concretely in nature. The reader is left with more questions than answers and is called upon, like the speaker, to attempt to create meaning from the poem’s fragments. The question is, “Can language convey meaning after all?”