IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM

BERLIN CONFERENCE

• Held in 1884-1885
• Was to lay down rules for dividing Africa
• No African ruler was invited to the conference
• Divided Africa without regard to ethnic and linguistic groups

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

• Ethiopia warded off any colonization from Europe, allowing freedom
• The king of Belgium wanted the Congo region in Africa
• Portugal established São Tomé off the coast of Gabon
• Africa was split into many different regions with England claiming most

IMPERIALISTIC METHODS

• Divided most land in Berlin Conference
• Took land by force by the new technology that massacred Africans in war
• Used natives to help mine for raw materials
• Sometimes ruled through already established kingdoms and rulers

END OF COLONIALISM

• Many rebellions took place and nations gained independence by force
• After World War Two, many nations were given back independence
• Europe needed to regroup after the war, giving up control of colonies
• The colonies in Africa then were sometimes thrown into anarchy or corrupt rule

LASTING EFFECTS

• Colonial boundaries were translated into country borders
• Civil war in Sudan because of the different groups that were joined by lasting borders
• Genocide in Rwanda when one group hated the other that were once again joined by colonial borders
• Economies struggled after the loss of support from the mother countries