A study in Romania showed that children from ages 6-12 had much higher stress hormone levels if they had been adopted after 8 months of age than those adopted before 4 months of age.
Other studies show that children who were deprived early on had different levels of hormones connected to emotion sand social bonding despite having spent three years in a family home.
researchers have noticed how skin-to-skin contact between baby and parent can be helpful to both and how consistent emotional contact with infants can speed their development and recognition of self.
In the newborn period, skin to skin contact helps calm babies: they cry less and it helps them sleep better. There are some studies that show their brain development is helped, because they are calmer and sleep better.
Skin to skin contact helps the mothers. It reduces their stress level, they report lower depression, they can notice their baby's cues and the babies are more responsive to the mother during the first 3 months.
In the early stages of a child's life, touch is an important part of developing a bond between parent and child. It also is the earliest form of parent- child communication.
Another study showed that American children had less physical interaction with their parents and tended to touch themselves- for example playing with their hair- more than they touched their peers
Skin senses are sensory systems for processing touch, warmth, cold, texture, and pain. They begin with external contact but then are transformed after being picked up by the nerve endings in the skin.
The sensitivity is greatest on people's faces, tongues, and hands, allowing for effective eating, speaking, and grasping through the precise sensory feedback that is given in these areas.
Touching a hot stove and feeling the heat against the skin on your hand, feeling the pain of a sharp object on your skin, and walking into a big freezer are examples of touch
Human touch is important for all ages, by the time children reach their teen years, they receive only half as much touch as they did earlier in their lives. Adults touch each other even less.