INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

BEGINING

• During the 19th century, new approaches to manufacturing started to occur
• This took our industry out of American households workshops
• Factories became the new centers of industry
• These factories make it easier and quicker to produce more product
• Due to the change to machines instead of hand tools

WHERE AND HOW

• The Industrial Revolution actually first began in Great Britain
• British merchants built the first factories industrialize the nation.
• When these factories were financially successful, the owners had the money to
• build more factories
• invent more labor-saving machines

CHANGE OF WEALTH

• The major source of income in America after the War of Independence was international trade
• It wasnt manufacturing
• However, president Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812
• Turned the attention of Americans toward the development of domestic industries
• Jefferson’s embargo, prohibited Americans from shipping goods to Europe

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• This brought a standstill the once-thriving foreign trade
• Congress repealed the act in 1809, but many shipping centers had shut down
• the War of 1812 broke out, and the British navy blockaded the coastline
• With ships unable to get into or out of U.S. harbors
• Americans had to invest their capital in ventures other than overseas shipping

NEW ENGLAND

• New england was affected most by this new change in manufacturing
• Citizens depended heavily upon shipping and foreign trade for income
• Agriculture in the region was not highly profitable.

THE SPLIT

• With the Industrial Revolution, the country was split into two sides
• North and South
• The North had not eliminated agriculture
• However, the type of land and the growth of cities in the North encouraged farmers to cultivate smaller farms
• Corn didn't require much labor to grow nor was it hugely profitable, so there was little demand for slaves

THE SOUTH

• Cotton was the cash crop that took over the south
• Eli Whitney’s invention of a cotton gin in 1793 had helped the South make a different from the North
• As the cotton production increased, the number of slaves also increased

UNIFY THE NATION

• As the North and South developed different economies
• The creation of a plan to unify the nation became increasingly important
• President Madison hoped his plan would unite the different regions of the country and
• Create a strong, stable economy that would make the nation self-sufficient

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• His plan included three major points:
• Developing transportation systems and other internal improvements
• Establishing a protective tariff
• Resurrecting the national bank

Internal Improvements

• For business people had to communicate, travel, and transport goods
• Railroads offered several advantages over existing modes of transport
• Roads and canals were also used for transportation
• The Erie Canal and the National Road were the most impressive projects

TARIFFS

• Placing tariffs on imports would increase the cost of foreign goods
• Thereby eliminate their price advantage
• Tariff revenues would help pay for internal improvements
• such as roads, canals, and lighthouses

PEORPLE'S REACTION

• Most Northeasterners welcomed protective tariffs with relief
• However, people in the South who didn't depend on manufacturing, weren't as eager to tax European imports
• They resented any government intervention that would make goods more expensive

SECOND BANK

• Attitudes toward the proposed Second Bank of the United States were less divided
• Most leaders agreed that a national bank would benefit all
• The Second Bank would make a currency guaranteed to be accepted nationwide
• Making it easier for people in different regions to do business with one another

election of 1816

• In 1816, James Monroe of Virginia waks elected president
• Monroe took a goodwill tour of New England receiving a warm welcome in Boston
• A republican from Virginia being welcomed in this northern federalist stronghold impressed the nation
• The Boston Columbian Centinel declared that Americans had entered an “Era of Good Feelings"