•Greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700’s.
•Machines began doing jobs of humans

•Started in England, spread to Europe and N.A.

•Families were small
•Relied on farming
•1 of 3 babies died before age 1
•1 in 2 lived to age 21
•25% of Europeans lived in towns or cities

•Most lived in country villages of few hundred people
•Self sufficient

•People also worked in small industries
•Coal
•Glass
•Iron
•Clothing
•Each helped the other out
•Developed domestic system- work was done in homes (i.e. wool making)
•Whole family was involved
•Children went to special schools to learn lace making

•Coal mines were the same

•Mines were often under farmland
•Miners helped out during harvests, later returned the favor

•Wealthy bought up farm land and made enclosures
•Experimented with seeding and harvesting methods.
•Good for two reasons
1.Landowners tried new ag methods
2.Small farmers had to either work for big farmers or move to city.

•1700’s
•Selective breeding
•Improved weight and population of livestock

•Better food
•Population boom
•Many moved to cities

•Population increase
•Didn’t participate in wars at home
•Banking system- loans for new machines and expansion
•Overseas trade

•Parliament passed laws

•There were other reasons....

•The obvious ones…
•Water power and coal to fuel
•Iron ore
•Rivers
•Harbors to set sail

helped make engines less bulky and more efficient

lead to better road ways

lead to creation of railroads