The Making Of Industrial society

Technological innovations that changed the world

• John Kay's "flying shuttle"
• James Hargreaves' "spinning jenny"
• James Watt's "steam engine"
• Robert Fulton's "steamboat"

Reasons to migrate to cities

• More jobs
• More money
• Less work than farming

Working conditions in factories

• freezing in the winter 
• roasting in the summer
• 16 hour work days
• 6 days a week
• poor ventilation 

corporate leaders

• Andrew Carnegie
• Henry Frick
• John D. Rockefeller
• George Pullman
• Cornelius Vanderbilt

percent of people in Urban centers

• in 1800 - 6%
• in 1850 - 15%
• in 1920 more people in urban than rural

percent of people in rural COMMUNITIES

• in 1800 - 94%
• in 1850 - 85%
• in 1920 % of rural

role of women and children

• Rapid increase in birth rates
• family life ruined 
• women and children were under harsh conditions 
• Not many children went to school

new social classes

• Middle class- businessmen and other professionals 
• Working class -factory workers
• Upper class- wealthy and elite 

goals of new trade unions

• first unions were organized by skilled workers
• as more people moved more trade unions were needed
• more people were depending on the capital system