Industrialization

Why Europe?

• Government Policy
• Geography
• Economic and social mobility
• Workforce

Beginnings

• Textile Production
• mass production
• factory system

Steam Engine

• location
• fossil fuels vs biological power
• mass production

more inventions...

• cotton gin
• steamboat
• locomotive

fossil fuels

• coal
• petroleum

steel

• stronger, lighter than iron
• location
• W. Europe, then US, Japan, and Russia

Industrialization Spreads

• United States- quickly
• Textiles, cotton, factories, railroads
• Impact of Abolition of slavery
• US Steel Corporation
• National government

Japan

• Commodore Perry
• Meiji Restoration
• silk factories
• Government and factories

Russia

• Limited industrialization
• agricultural elites
• later, got help
• persistence of feudalism and serfdom

Latin America

• European investments
• high hopes, but really crop exporters
• specialized- coffee, bananas, wheat, etc

India

• Raj
• Cotton production
• hand-made to factory

Others

• Ottoman- resisted change
• Africa- exporter of resources
• China- resisted change, "Open Door"

Social Effects

The West

• everyday life changed
• moved to cities
• loss of farm jobs

Families

• work= man's job (over time)
• child labor continued in mines and farms
• middle class growth

Women

• stay home
• Urban families- fewer children
• single women- teachers

Women

• replaced men as secretaries
• No suffrage
• compulsory education
• Japanese women- silk factories

Cities

• huge increase
• overcrowded, polluted, crime, poverty
• reforms

Art and Literature

Realism

• no more optimism of romanticism
• dark scenes of city life or farm labor

Impressionism

• Camera invented
• French

Dickens

• stuggling urban laboring classes

Latin America

• Limited industrialization
• gender roles remained unchanged
• millions of Europeans to Latin America
• thousands of Japanese to the west coast

Multinational corporations

• businesses operate on a global scale
• Banks- foreign investment
• British East India/Dutch East India
• United Fruit
• Gold Standard

Second

Steam to gas

• internal combustion engine
• electrical systems
• scientific discoveries
• medicine, chemistry
• precision machinery

Communication

• telegraph
• 1850's Trans-Atlantic Cable
• 1870's Trans-Pacific
• 1876- Telephone
• Radio being developed

Science and Medicine

• chemistry
• fertilizers
• vaccinations
• anesthetics
• sterilization of instruments

Science vs faith

• Darwin
• Controversy
• Social Darwinism