WHO facts
Life expectancy rates span 36 years between Japan and Malawi.

Within countries, marginalized populations are disproportionately affected by rates of disease. In the United States, infants born to African-American women are 1.5 to 3 times more likely to die than infants born to women of other races/ethnicities.

1 in every 5 children born in Chad will die before age 5, whereas this rate drops to nearly 1 in every 100 in Western Europe.

Children from the poorest 20 percent of households are nearly twice as likely to die before their fifth birthday as children in the richest 20 percent.

Low-income countries have ten times fewer physicians than high-income countries. Nigeria and Myanmar have about 4 physicians per 10 000, while Norway and Switzerland have 40 per 10 000.

1 billion people live in hunger worldwide

In Afghanistan, rates of maternal mortality are 1000 out of 100,000 births. In European regions it is 21 per 100000

11% of births annually are by girls between ages of 15 - 19.

19% vs. 35%shows contraceptive prevalence for women with no education vs. secondary or higher education in 71 low- and middle-income countries.

Virtually all of the 80 low- and lower-middle income countries have major gaps in skills, tools and resources to build quality health information systems.

More than two-thirds of the world's population lives in countries that do not produce reliable statistics on mortality by age, sex and cause of death – one of the most important health indicators for understanding a country's health priorities.
WHO:
Low-quality data is being used to inform decisions on allocation of limited health resources – undermining the quality of those decisions.

There is a lack of a coordinated global approach between countries and development partners on what information countries should collect to measure progress in health.

Currently there are at least 600 health indicators that countries could be required to report upon through various global agreements, resolutions and programmes under United Nations agencies, partners and donors.

Donor programmes often collect data only for specific diseases and systems are fragmented and duplicative.

Countries and development partners have not invested wisely to build sustainable information systems that gather and make real-time health data available to all who need it. With the recent huge growth in digital technology, there are major opportunities to radically improve health information.

Roadmap for Health Measurement and Accountability
The 5-Point Call to Action proposes priority actions and specific targets for health measurement and accountability for post-2015 that will enable countries to monitor implementation of The Roadmap. The Call to Action emphasizes the need to:

Increase the level and efficiency of investments by governments and development partners to strengthen the country health information system in line with international standards and commitments;
Strengthen country institutional capacity to collect, compile, share, disaggregate, analyze, disseminate, and use data at all levels of the health system;
Ensure that countries have well-functioning sources for generating population health data, including civil registration and vital statistics systems, censuses, and health surveys tailored to country needs, in line with international standards;
Maximize effective use of the data revolution, based on open standards, to improve health facility and community information systems including disease and risk surveillance and financial and health workforce accounts, empowering decision makers at all levels with real-time access to information;
Promote country and global governance with citizens’ and community’s participation for accountability through monitoring and regular, inclusive transparent reviews of progress and performance at the facility, subnational, national, regional, and global levels, linked to the health-related SDGs.

References WHO and http://ma4health.hsaccess.org

usBill & Melinda Gates Foundation - focuses on diseases, vaccines, nutrition and other health issues by funding many of the largest and most vital health organizations around the globe. With a focus on innovation and technology, it employs thoands of scientists, technicians, epidemiologists and administrators.

Care International - particular emphasis on poor women

Concern Worldwide - Irish agency reducing mortality rates and supporting public health

FHI 360 - FHI 360 offers public health-related services such as clinical research, product quality and compliance, consulting and health communication and social marketing services, and training. Its other areas of focus include education, economic development, civil society strengthening and the environment.

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization - Partnership pulling in a number of stakeholders incl. Gates Foundation and World Bank

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria

Partners in Health

Doctors Without Borders

World Vision

References: https://www.devex.com/news/top-global-health-organizations-a-primer-61606

Partnership for Supply Chain Management ~
FHI Development 360
Management Sciences for Health (MSH)
Jhpiego
Population Services International (PSI)
Research Triangle Institute (RTI International)
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH)
JSI Research & Training Institute
Pathfinder International

US indicated intention to work more directly with countries and local governments, but majority funding still going to US based NGOs. What is the supply chain through which money passes? Are NGOs then contracting local NGOs? What are the implications of this?

References: Kaiser Family Foundation http://kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/data-note-role-of-ngos-u-s-...

The SDGs address this with SDG 3
• By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births
• By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
• By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
• By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being
• Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol
• By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents 3.7
By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes
• Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
• By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
• Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate
• Support the research and development of vaccines and mehttps://www.haikudeck.com/app/edit/1X3iehKDMK#slideNotesdicines for the communicable and noncommunicable diseases that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable

References: Buse and Hawkes Globalization and Health

The framework lacks consistency in distinguishing between health sector action and action in other sectors
to realize health outcomes.
The health targets may overwhelm government health sector capacity to prioritize and implement

Third, in calling for significant reductions in preventable mortality from NCDs, prevention of alcohol abuse,
and reducing death, disease and illness from pollution and road traffic accidents, the international community must face up to their determinants. This means addressing the commercial and other interests which stand to gain from the marketing of sugary drinks, unhealthy foods and alcohol, as well as those industries which profit from ‘dirty development’

Lack of human rights based approach ensuring rights that truly extend to people of all genders, sexuality, etc.

Accountability?

References: Buse and Hawkes Globalization and Health

1 of only 9 countries on target to meet MDG 5.

It is also the only low-income or middle-income country with two large, nationally-representative, high-quality household surveys focused on the measurement of maternal mortality and service use.

Bangladesh remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with nearly a third (32%) of the population living below poverty and 29% underemployed.4, 5 Total health expenditure has remained low, representing only 3% of gross domestic product (GDP), with only a quarter of health spending coming from the public sector. US is about 18% to put it in perspective.

References: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960955...

Recent economic growth in Bangladesh has been robust, averaging 6% annually between 2001 and 2012 despite periods of political turmoil and frequent natural disasters; income per head reached US$848 per year in 2012. National Income per head almost doubled, population living below poverty line fell by 36%

Progress has also been rapid in the social sector with increasing educational levels, especially for women.
the proportion of ever-married women aged 15–49 years with secondary or higher education increased from 15% to 42%. The Female Secondary School Stipend Scheme, which provided government support for about 3·4 million young girls from poor families annually, contributed to increased enrolment among girls

.
Mobile phone ownership from .2 subscription per 100 inhabitants in 2000 to 46 subscriptions per 100 in 2010.

Greater access to Mass Media

More women living in cities

Percentage of women with BMI below 18.5 (undernourished) was reduced by almost half.

References: http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960955...

Reference: Dhakatribune.com