INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

WHERE IS IT PRODUCED?

• Both hormones are produced in the pancreas

WHAT IS THE TARGET ORGAN?

• The target organ for insulin are the body cells.
• The target organ for glucagon is the liver.

HOW IS SECRETION REGULATED ?

• By the level of blood glucose in the body.

WHAT IS THE NORMAL FUNCTION ?

• Insulin decreases blood glucose.
• Contributes to homeostasis by getting blood glucose to normal range.
• Glucagon increases glucose level.
• Contributes to homeostasis by releasing glucose from liver when blood sugar is low.

HYPER-SECRETION OF INSULIN

• Hypersecretion of insulin is caused by receptors on body cells resist and do not allow insulin to transport glucose to cell.
• High level of glucose in the blood is a symptom.
• Insulin resistance syndrome

HYPER-SECRETION OF GLUCAGON

• Caused by damaged alpha cells
• Symptoms are frequent urination and thirst
• Chronic hyperglycemia

HYPO-SECRETION OF INSULIN

• Caused by beta cells no secreting enough insulin.
• Symptoms is difficulty controlling blood glucose level.
• Diabetes mellitus.

HYPO-SECRETION OF GLUCAGON

• Caused by damage to alpha cells
• Symptoms weakness fatigue and nervousness
• Chronic hypoglycemia

TREATMENTS

• Drug therapy with injections of insulin or oral antibiotics.
• Diet management, weight control and exercise.