INTRO TO CELLS

DEVELOPMENT OF CELL THEORY

• 1665-Robert Hooke published his book Micrographia,
• which contains drawing of cork cells.
• 1674-Anton van Leeuwenheok observes living organisms
• in pond water with his simple microscope.
• 1831-Robert Brown names the nucleus.

DEVELOPMENT OF CELL THEORY CONT.

• 1838-Matthias Schleeden concludes that all plants
• are made up of cells.
• 1839-Theodor Schwann(swan=animals)concludes that all animals are
• made up of cells.
• 1855-Virchow says that cells come from existing cells.

CELL THEORY

• All living things are made of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things
• All cells come from other cells

BASIC CELL STRUCTURES

• Cell membrane:
• Thin flexible barrier around the cell.
• The outer boundary of living cells.
• Nucleus: large structure inside cell that contains
• Cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities.

BACIS CELL STRUCTURE CONT.

• Cytoplasm-all the material inside the cell mambrane not
• Part of the nucleus (cell gell)

PROKARYOTE CELLS

• Do not have a nucleus
• Do have cell membrane and cytoplasm
• All bacteria
• DNA is loose in cell
• Much smaller than eukaryote cells

PROKARYOTE CELLS CONT.

• All bacteria are prokaryotes
• Are all unicellular

EUKARYOTE CELLS

• Have a nucleus
• Have organelles (little organs)
• Are about 10x larger than prokaryote
• Found in all plants, animals, and fungus

EUKARYOTE CELLS CONT.

• Some one-celled organism are Eukaryotes
• May be unicellular or multicellular
• Kingdoms- animal, plant, fungus, protista(?)

CELL STRUCTURES

ORGANELLES

• Cell structure found in the cytoplasm that have special jobs

CELL WALLS

• Found in all plants, algae, fungi & bacteria
• Function-provide support and protection for the cell (like a skeleton)
• Located outside the cell mambrane

NUCLEUS

• Controls most cell processes
• Contains cell's hereditary material-DNA
• "Brain of the cell"

PARTS OF NUCLEUS

• Chromatin (E.C.)
• Nucleolus (Center-DNA found here)
• Nuclear Envelope (E.C.)

NUCLEOLUS

• Make ribosomes which help make proteins

CHLOROPLASTS

• Found in green plant cells
• Structure-oval shaped green structures in cytoplasm
• Function-photosynthesis
• Sugar maker

MITOCHONDRIA

• Found in all eukaryotic cells
• Structure-bean shaped structure in cytoplasm
• Function-cellular respiration
• "Battery of the cell"

RIBOSOMES

• Made up of RNA & protein
• Found either floating freely in cytoplasm or attached to Endoplasmic reticulum
• Place in cell where proteins are made
• Made in nucleolus (center of nucleus)