IRELAND

Henry Grattan

• Irish politician and member of the Irish House of Commons
• campaigner for legislative freedom for the Irish Parliament in the late 18th century.
• He opposed the Act of Union 1800 that merged the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain,
• "Be it enacted that the right claimed by the people of Ireland to be bound only by laws enacted by his Majesty and the Parliament of that kingdom, in all cases whatever shall be, and is hereby declared to be established and ascertained for ever, and shall at no time be questioned or questionable. "

Daniel O'Connell

• L eader of the moderate tendency.
• campaigned for Catholic Emancipation – full political rights for Catholics
• Also didn't want to merge with Great Britain
• "The altar of liberty totters when it is cemented only with blood"

PENAL LAWS

• series of complex laws that limited the Catholic and Presbyterian class to establish the Anglican Church

POTATO FAMINE

• Blight ruined the potato crops
• The British owned most of the land
• The British took the good potatoes and sold them
• This was a push factor

The Last Conquest of Ireland

• written by John Mitchel
• expressed the view that the British were actually the cause of the potato famine
• This was the offset of the Irish Independent movement.

The Government of Ireland Act of 1914

• Home Rule Act
• passed in reaction to the Irish Home Rule Movement
• intended to provide home rule and self government within Ireland

Irish War of Independence

• Fought by the self-proclaimed Irish Republican Army
• Won by the Irish
• result, broke away and became their own government.

Unification

• the idea that the Potato Blight was caused by the English
• overwhelming need to become an independent country and break away from England

Division

• Penal Laws
• sought to isolate Catholics and Presbyterians from the general population

Summary

• The Irish were able to "emancipate" themselves after a century a struggling with British forces
• Potato Blight
• The term "United Ireland" only came into fruition after World War 1 and the Irish war of independence