Growth and contributions in Islam

the different empires

ottoman Empire

• When:1200s to 1900s in Europe, Asia, Africa
• slave groups+gunpowder+cannons made Ottomans successful in wars
• ruling class of social structure include people who advise sultans
• other class include people who don't fit the requirements
• women owned property or business, built schools, mosques+hospitals

Safavid Empire

• When: 1501 to mid-1700s in Persia
• blended 2 cultural traditions(Persian+Muslims)
• cultural blending-culturally by building mosques
• cultural blending-economically-handwoven things+making tradition stuff
• trade brought wealth+made it a major Islamic civilization

mughal empire

• When: 1526 to 1600 in Northern India
• founder tried to make empire in Central Asia, didn't succeed 
• Taj Mahal, clothing styles, buildings that blended religions
• known for poetry and architecture

growth

growth of ottoman empire

• Ottomans took land from Christian Byzantine Empire
• ruled  lands from eastern Europe,North Africa,+Arabia
• conquered Constantinople
• expanded empire to east through rest of Anatolia(Asia Minor)
• conquered Syria and Egypt

growth of Safavid Empire

• leader Esma'il conquered Persia
• battled Uzbeks to north, suffered crushing defeats by Ottomans
• strengthened military,modern gunpowder weapons, took over Uzbeks

growth of the mughal empire

• empire grew in mid-1500s under Akbar
• conquered many lands, worked to make government stronger
• began tolerant religious policy
• expanded empire to almost all of India
• empire fell apart b/c of harsh policies and violent revolts

Suleyman I

• Empire reached its peak under Suleyman I
• under rule took control of eastern Mediterranean
• pushed farther into Europe
• Muslim poets wrote beautiful works
• architects worked to turn Istanbul to Muslim

islamic beliefs

Spread of Islamic Beliefs

• merchants introduced Islam to india
• coastal trading had large communities
• Arabic influenced local African languages
• many African leaders converted to Islam
• spread as far east as Malaysia+Indonesia

trade

Products from trade

• Arabs learned how to make paper from Chinese
• Arabs learned how to use gunpowder from Chinese
• cotton, rice, and oranges from India+southwest Asia
• African products such as ivory, cloves, slaves
• traveled across Sahara to get African salt(scarce to find)

muslim achievements

mughal achievements

• Persian language and styles were popluar
• encouraged write in Indian language
• Mughal Empire known for monumental architecture
• Taj Mahal dazzling tomb built by Akbar's grandson
• many monuments by Mughals are symbols today 

astronomy achievements

• studied to better understand time and clockmaking
• improved astrolabe-Greek invented to chart stars
• helped Muslims know direction to turn to face Mecca
• Arab scholars used it to figure location on Earth 
• later became important in exploration of the seas

geography achievements

• merchants and explorers traveled widely with learning star
• made accurate maps
• developed ways of calculating distances
• al-Idrisi wrote accurate book, got info from Arab travelers
• made discovery, proved land didn't go around Indian Ocean

math Achievements

• combined Indian #system with Greek science of math
• al-Khwarizmi used new ideas to write math textbook
• called it al-jaber(algebra)
• foundation for modern algebra
• when book brought to Europe, called it "Arabic" numerals

Medicine achievements

• created tests for doctors to pass before treat people
• made encyclopedias of drugs, wrote description of deseases
• started first pharmacy school to teach how to make medicine
• Ar-Razi found how to diagnose+treat deadly disease smallpox
• Ibn-Sina wrote medical encyclopedia

philosophy achievements

• studied reason and rational thoughts
• others developed new philosophy
• focus on spiritual led to Sufism
• focus on loving God and called him Beloved
• had strong impact on Islam

literature achievments

• poetry+short stories popular, influenced by Sufism
• Omar Khayyan was famous poet
• famous collection of short stories-The Thousand of One Nights
• European compiler added short stories no part of medieval Arabic
• many of these tales came from India, Egypt, + other lands

architecture achievements

• mosques most important achievement
• 1st were like courtyards
• built palaces, marketplaces,&libraries
• complicated domes,arches,colored bricks,decorated tiles
• architecture known for these features

art achievements

• shows no animals or humans
• turned calligraphy into art form
• painted decorative writings on Qur'an
• show influence of Islamic beliefs+practices(architecture+art)
• gave art and literature a unique style

achievements

achievements in the future part 1

• stars helped us know where the stars are/what types are there
• maps became advanced and influenced the invention of G.P.S
• we know places/landmarks that were in the past b/c of maps
• 1st pharmacy influence more so we have a place to get medication

future of achievements part 2

• doctor tests help us make sure doctors don't make much mistakes
• buildings today have parts of the mosque as part of the structure
• algebra is in our textbooks for school

the end