IVAN PAVLOV

Early life of Pavlov

• Born in small village in Russia called Ryazan on Sept 14,1849
• Early studies were focused on theology
• Inspired by Darwin he left his religious studys a d pursued the study of science
• Started studying The natural sciences at University of Petersburg in 1870
• In 1875 he graduated from Petersburg and took an assistanship from Cyon in his lab at The MIlitary-Medical Academy and recieved degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences

INSIGHT ON PAVLOV'S FAMILY LIFE
He was the first son of a priest named Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, his grandfather was also a Sexton.
In the year 1881, he met and married pedagogical student Seraphia Vasilievna Karchevskaya. They we're not financially we'll off during their early years together and often lived separately until their finances stabilized. Their first son died suddenly as a young child, but they proceeded to have three more sons and a daughter. Pavlov attributed much of his success to Seraphia who was a domestic, religious and literary women. She devoted her life to his comfort and work.

CARREER OF PAVLOV

• Primary interest was study of physiology and natural science
• Helped find Department Of Physiology at the Institute Of Experimental Medicine
• Continued to oversee department for 45 years
• Found the term "Conditonal Reflex" "Classical Conditioning"

Conditional Reflex In Depth

• While studying digestive function of dog noticed they would salviate before given food
• Began conducting well known experiments and presented a variety of stimuli before presenting food
• Concluded thar after repeated association a dog would drool to the presence of a stimulus other than food.
• Termed response as Conditional Reflex and discoverd that the reflex originate in cerebral cortex of brain

PAVLOV'S THEORY

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

• He had concluded that he was able pair a neutral stimulus with an excitatory one and elicit the neutral one.
• The term "classical" in that it was the first systematic study of basic laws of learning/conditioning

Conditioned Reflexes

• Reflexes were created over time by using CS, in order to create a CR
• • He came up with the law of Temporal Contiguity
• •His terms would include unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), and conditioning stimulus (CS).

AWARDS

• 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology
• 1901 Appointment to Russian Acadamy Of Science
• Soviet Government supported Pavlov's work resulting in Soviet Union becoming known center of physiology research.

CONTRIBUTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY

• Pavlov wasn't very found of psychology but had major influence on field and development of Behaviorism
• His work influenced growing behaviorist movement and was often cited in John B Watson's journals.
• Some researchers utilized Pavlov's study of conditioning as a form of learning.
• Pavlov's research demonstrated techniques of studing reactions to an enviorment in an objective scientific method.

Untitled Slide

References

Anrep, G. V. (1936). Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. 1849-1936. Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 2 (5): 1–0. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1936.0001

Ivan Pavlov - Biography. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved from http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.h...

Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. Translated and Edited by G. V. Anrep. London: Oxford University Press.

Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E (Eds.). (2012). A history of Modern Psychology. Australia Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth.

TIMELINE OF IVAN PAVLOV'S LIFE
Ivan Pavlov

(1849 - 1936)
Compiled by Mindy Lautenheiser (May 1999)

� Biography
� Theory
� Time Line
� Bibliography

Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist whose research on the physiology of digestion led to the development of the first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning. Most of his research was gathered studying salivating dogs. An illustrated review of Pavlov's experiments is available on the [Discovery Web Site].

Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849, at Ryazan, Russia. Because he was born into a large family, poverty was always an issue. His father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was the village priest and young Ivan tended to the church property. Pavlov inherited many of his father's characteristics including a strong will to succeed.

The oldest sibbling, Ivan Pavlov was also among the healthiest. He began school at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical High School. Pavlov and his brothers eventually entered the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary. At the Seminary, he planned to pursue a career in theology. However, after being introduced to the works of Charles Darwin and Ivan Sechenov, Pavlov decided to transfer to the University of St. Petersburg to gain knowledge about natural science. There, Pavlov gained great respect for a professor of physiology, Cyon. Due to Cyon's enthusiasm for physiology, he decided to become a physiologist during his third year. At that point, Pavlov started work as an assistant in a laboratory in which he earned 50 rubles a month.

Eventually, Pavlov's research on the physiology of digestion would earn him the Nobel Prize. As a skilled surgeon, he was able to implant small stomach pouches in dogs to measure the secretion of gastric juices produced when the dogs began to eat. With the help of his assistants, he was able to condition the dogs to salivate at the click of a metronome. As his work progressed, Pavlov established the basis for conditioned reflexes and the field of classical conditioning.



Theory
Pavlov concluded that he was able to pair a neutral stimulus with an excitatory one and have the neutral stimulus eventually elicit the response the was associated with the original, unlearned reflex. In Classical Conditioning terminology, an unconditioned stimulus (US) is an event that causes a response to occur, which is referred to as the unconditioned response (UR). And, in Pavlov's study with dogs, the food within the dog's mouth is the US, and the salivation that results is the UR. Pavlov took a step further and added an element known as the nonexcitatory, conditioned stimulus (CS), which is paired with the US.
Pavlov used a metronome as the CS which he rang first, then fed the dogs. This pairing would eventually establish the dog's conditioned response of salivating to the sound of the metronome. After repeating this procedure several times, Pavlov was able to remove the US (food) and by only ringing the bell the dogs would salivate (CR). Since the bell alone now produced the unconditioned response (salivation), the association had been established (Conditioned). Pavlov continued to present the CS with any pairing with the US until the CR no longer occurred. This elimination of the CR is known as extinction. However, waiting a few days and then reintroducing ticking metronome resulted in the dogs once again salivating to the CS. Pavlov termed this, spontaneous recovery.

Pavlov continued of the conditioned response. He replaced the metronome with other stimuli for use as the CS. He conditioned the dogs using a buzzer, the flash of a light, a touch on the dog's harness, and the use of different pitches of a whistle in which the dogs had to differentiate between to determine which pitch resulted in access to food.

Pavlov's experimental research gained much respect throughout Russia as well as America and the rest of the nations. Although he began his investigations late in life he managed to develop the major constructs of a fully realized field of learning. He summarized his discoveries in his remarkable book, Conditioned Reflexes.


Time Line
September 14, 1894 Born in Ryazan, Russia
1870 Leaving his religious career, Pavlov enrolled to take a natural science course at the University of St. Pertersburg
1875 Graduated from the University of St. Pertersburg and took an assistantship from Cyon in his laboratory at the Military-Medical Academy; received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences
1876-78 Becomes an assistant in Ustimovich's laboratory
Summer of 1877 He spent time in Physiological Laboratory of Professor R. Heidenhain at Breslau
1879 Graduated from the Military-Medical Academy
1879 Completed third course of study at the Academy of Medical Surgery; awarded his first gold medal
1879-1904 Wrote for a volume in commemoration of the 25th Graduation Anniversary from the Military-Medical Academy
June 13, 1880 Proposed to Seraphima (Sara) Vasilievna karchevskaya
1880-84 Postgraduate study and research at the Academy
1881 Married Sara
1883 Discovered dynamic nerves of the heart and submitted thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine
April 24, 1884 Made a lecturer in physiology at the Military-Medical Academy
1885-86 Studied abroad June 15, 1890 Made chair and appointed professor of pharmacology in the Military-Medical Academy
1890 Appointed director of physiology department at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in St. Petersburg
June 13, 1891 Gained directorship of the Department of Physiology in the Institute of Experimental Medicine
1891-1900 Did most of his research on physiology of digestion at the Institute of Experimental Medicine
May 29, 1895 Appointed to Chair of Physiology until 1925
1897 Published his lectures entitled Lectures on the functions of the principal digestive glands
1901 Elected as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1904 Received Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work on the physiology of the digestive glands
1907 Elected Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1912 Given an honorary doctorate at Cambridge University
1915 Awarded the Order of the legion of Honour (Medical Academy of Paris recommendation)
January 24, 1921 Awarded a special government decree signed by Lenin
1924 Resigned from professorship at the Military-Medical Academy
1935 Youngest son, Vsevolod, died
1935 Government built a laboratory for Pavlov with his chief work on conditioned reflexes
1936 On February 27, Pavlov died in Leningrad

Bibliography
Babkin, B.P. (1949). Pavlov: A Biography. Toronto, Canada: The University of Chicago Press.
Hothersall, David. (1995). History of Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. pp. 239-253.
Morris, C.G., and Maisto, A.A. (1999). Understanding Psychology. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
WEBSITES:
"Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich". Available: http://www.excite.com/reference/almanac/?id=A0158299 Provides the year of birth and death, birthplace, and career field of Pavlov.
"Ivan Petrovich Pavlov". Available: http://www.de.nobel.se/laureates/medicine-1904-1-bio.html Provides factual information about Pavlov's life both personal and career related.


[History Home Page] [Psychology Department Home Page]

Time Line
September 14, 1894 Born in Ryazan, Russia
1870 Leaving his religious career, Pavlov enrolled to take a natural science course at the University of St. Pertersburg
1875 Graduated from the University of St. Pertersburg and took an assistantship from Cyon in his laboratory at the Military-Medical Academy; received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences
1876-78 Becomes an assistant in Ustimovich's laboratory
Summer of 1877 He spent time in Physiological Laboratory of Professor R. Heidenhain at Breslau
1879 Graduated from the Military-Medical Academy
1879 Completed third course of study at the Academy of Medical Surgery; awarded his first gold medal
1879-1904 Wrote for a volume in commemoration of the 25th Graduation Anniversary from the Military-Medical Academy
June 13, 1880 Proposed to Seraphima (Sara) Vasilievna karchevskaya
1880-84 Postgraduate study and research at the Academy
1881 Married Sara
1883 Discovered dynamic nerves of the heart and submitted thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine
April 24, 1884 Made a lecturer in physiology at the Military-Medical Academy
1885-86 Studied abroad June 15, 1890 Made chair and appointed professor of pharmacology in the Military-Medical Academy
1890 Appointed director of physiology department at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in St. Petersburg
June 13, 1891 Gained directorship of the Department of Physiology in the Institute of Experimental Medicine
1891-1900 Did most of his research on physiology of digestion at the Institute of Experimental Medicine
May 29, 1895 Appointed to Chair of Physiology until 1925
1897 Published his lectures entitled Lectures on the functions of the principal digestive glands
1901 Elected as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1904 Received Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work on the physiology of the digestive glands
1907 Elected Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1912 Given an honorary doctorate at Cambridge University
1915 Awarded the Order of the legion of Honour (Medical Academy of Paris recommendation)
January 24, 1921 Awarded a special government decree signed by Lenin
1924 Resigned from professorship at the Military-Medical Academy
1935 Youngest son, Vsevolod, died
1935 Government built a laboratory for Pavlov with his chief work on conditioned reflexes
1936 On February 27, Pavlov died in Leningrad

TIMELINE
September 14, 1894 Born in Ryazan, Russia
1870 Leaving his religious career, Pavlov enrolled to take a natural science course at the University of St. Pertersburg
1875 Graduated from the University of St. Pertersburg and took an assistantship from Cyon in his laboratory at the Military-Medical Academy; received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences
1876-78 Becomes an assistant in Ustimovich's laboratory
Summer of 1877 He spent time in Physiological Laboratory of Professor R. Heidenhain at Breslau

1879 Graduated from the Military-Medical Academy
1879 Completed third course of study at the Academy of Medical Surgery; awarded his first gold medal
1879-1904 Wrote for a volume in commemoration of the 25th Graduation Anniversary from the Military-Medical Academy
June 13, 1880 Proposed to Seraphima (Sara) Vasilievna karchevskaya

1879 Graduated from the Military-Medical Academy
1879 Completed third course of study at the Academy of Medical Surgery; awarded his first gold medal
1879-1904 Wrote for a volume in commemoration of the 25th Graduation Anniversary from the Military-Medical Academy
June 13, 1880 Proposed to Seraphima (Sara) Vasilievna karchevskaya
1880-84 Postgraduate study and research at the Academy
1881 Married Sara

1883 Discovered dynamic nerves of the heart and submitted thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine
April 24, 1884 Made a lecturer in physiology at the Military-Medical Academy
1885-86 Studied abroad June 15, 1890 Made chair and appointed professor of pharmacology in the Military-Medical Academy
1890 Appointed director of physiology department at the Institute of Experimental Medicine in St. Petersburg
June 13, 1891 Gained directorship of the Department of Physiology in the Institute of Experimental Medicine

1891-1900 Did most of his research on physiology of digestion at the Institute of Experimental Medicine
May 29, 1895 Appointed to Chair of Physiology until 1925
1897 Published his lectures entitled Lectures on the functions of the principal digestive glands
1901 Elected as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences
1904 Received Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work on the physiology of the digestive glands
1907 Elected Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Pavlov Death..
Near the end of his life Pavlov relented a little and, when he died of double pneumonia at the age of 86 in what was by then Leningrad, the regime ordered a monument to him to be erected there. He was given a grandiose funeral and his laboratory and study were preserved as a museum in hishonour. His passion for research had lasted to the end and when he knew he was dying he got one of his students to sit by his bed and record every detail. He then died Feb 27,1936.

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