During the eighteenth century, the market in Europe and America for tea, a new drink in the West, expanded greatly. Additionally, there was a continuing demand for Chinese silk and porcelain.But China, still in its pre-industrial stage, wanted little that the West had to offer, causing the Westerners, mostly British, to incur an unfavorable balance of trade.
-The Solution for the Imbalance- To remedy the situation, the foreigners developed a third-party trade, exchanging their merchandise in India and Southeast Asia for raw materials and semi processed goods, which found a ready market in Guangzhou.
The Europeans also brought Christianity to China along with a lot of missionary's that stayed there to teach more people about Christ. Some Chinese people became missionary's as we'll so they could teach others as well.
-Unequal Treaty- Treaty of Nanjing (1842). Signed on British warship Arrow. Hong Kong ceded to British. 5 ports opened to foreign residence and trade. Granted British nationals extraterritoriality. Abolished licensed monopoly system of trade.
-Chinese Contributions to Technology- Abacus,Alcohol,Canals and Locks,Clock,Compass,Crossbow,Gunpowder and Fireworks,Iron and Bronze,Kite,Movable Sails & Rudder,Paper, Printing and Publishing,Paper Money,Porcelain,and many other things that we still use today
In conclusion, the interaction between Chinese and European cultures had a massive effect of the world at large and both cultures have been highly integrated into modern life.