TEMPORARY: TAP & THREAD

• Threading is the process of creating a screw thread.
• Allows bolts to be used where a temporary fixing may be required
• Can be used in metals and plastics
• Smaller sizes break easily if not used correctly

TEMPORARY: NUTS, BOLTS & WASHERS

• provide a temporary joint&good method of joining parts that can be undone
• Can be undone so items can be taken apart
• Come in various lengths and sizes
• Can work loose with vibration

TEMPORARY: SCREWS

• Screws offer a reliable and neat method of fixing wood metal and plastic.
• Can be easily removed
• Can be used to joint dissimilar ma- terials e.g. plastic to wood
• Steel screws will rust if outside and Some screws can be hard to remove

TEMPORARY: KD FITTINGS

• allow joints to be made quick- ly and easily.
• Can be taken apart multiple times. Parts interchangeable
• Can some times make things unstable

ADHESIVES: PVA

ADHESIVES: CONTACT ADHESIVE

ADHESIVES: EPOXY RESIN

ADHESIVE: TENSOL CEMENT

PERMANENT: NAILS

• Nails are a quick method of joining wood
• Big flat head makes it easy to hit. Sometimes serrated which helps them grip
• Longer nails can bend when being hit

PERMANENT: HALVING JOINT

• made by cutting away half the thick- ness of the material on each half of the joint.
• Having joints can be used on corners, tees, or for cross halving
• Stronger than butt joints. Can be strengthened easily by adding dowels
• Accuracy must be maintained to archive a perfect finish

PERMANENT: BUTT JOINT

• They are used in furniture and sometimes have dowels add- ed to reinforce.
• Cheap, Most simple joint, Can be strengthen relatively easily
• Weak due to small gluing area

Rebate joints are also know as lap joints. One part of the two pieces being joined is left plain and the other has a re- bate cut into it, which means that half the thickness of the material is removed to form a lip

Stronger than a butt joint due to a larger gluing area and weight bearing lip

Still potentially weak to certain forces

Housing joints can be cut in to natural timber and manufac- tured boards. They are com- monly used in the construc- tions of cabinet work for shelves or dividers

Provide a neat finish for shelves. Weight bearing

Difficult may be experienced in getting both sides exactly level for a shelf

Mortise and tenon joints are widely used in the construc- tion of furniture frames. The mortise is marked out with a mortise gauge and cut with a mortise chisel. The width of the tenon should be one third the width of the timber.

Strong Joint Looks neat

If not accurately cut out the tenon may “float” creating an unstable frame.

Soft soldering is a process for making joints in brass, copper and tinplate. When the area to be jointed has be cleaned, a flux is used to prevent build up of a surfaces oxides and to aid the flow of solder. A thin layer of solder is applied to both pieces being joined. This is called tinning. When both pieces have been tinned they can be placed together and sweated. This means heat is applied and both tinned sides join to become one

Cheap Allows to dissimilar metals to be jointed

Not very strong Can be release toxic fumes

When brazing, a gas burning torch pro-vides the heat and the flame is con-trolled by mixing gas and air. A flux usu-ally borax, is mixed with water to make a paste and is spread around the joint. The flux prevents excess oxidation and helps the brazing spelter the flow. Brazing spelter is the filler material that joins the pieces together and melts at 875oC brazing therefore is only suitable for use with mild steel because other metals would melt due to the temperatures involved.

welding uses large electrical current to jump across a small gap. With a current between 10 and 120 amps enough to heat can be generated to melt metal. A flux coated filler rod carries the current. As it is burnt away during the welding process, the flux also burns away and protects the weld from oxidation.

Very strong joint
Hard to do

Rivets are most commonly used in sheet metal, although they can also be used to join acrylic and some woods to metals. They are normally made from soft iron and are available with a range of heads

Can be drilled to undo joints Joints can be created as hinges Little specialist equipment required

Can be time consuming when snap riveting