Kyasanur Forest Disease

its a viral disease..

• He belongs to the group of Arboviruses
• Meaning insect borne viruses
• His family name is flaviviridae which means yellow viruses
• Genus name is Flavivirus

Arboviruses

• They are viruses of vertebrates biologically transmitted by hematophagus insect vectors
• They multiply in insect vectors & are transmitted by bite to the vertebrate host
• World wide in distribution
• More in tropical zones

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• Over 500 viruses belongs to this group
• 100 of them can infect humans
• Rest cause silent infections in rodents and wild mammals
• In India 40 arboviruses seen
• Of which 10 produces human disease

Arbovirus includes 5 families

• Togaviridae
• Flaviviridae
• Bunyaviridae
• Rioviridae
• Rhabdoviridae
• includes many genus in each family

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Flaviviruses

• Smaller than Alpha viruses
• Around 40 nm in diameter
• Over 60 Arthropod borne flaviviruses
• Two groups

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Mosquito-- borne
&
Tick -- borne

Mosquito - born group

• St.Luis Encephalitis virus
• Ilheus virus
• West Nile virus
• Murray Valley Encephalitis virus
• Japanese Encephalitis
• Yellow fever virus
• Dengue Virus

Tick - Borne group

• Produce two syndromes
• Encephalitis & Haemorrhagic fevers

Tick- borne encephalitis viruses
&
Tick borne haemorrhagic viruses

KFD(Kyasanur Forest Disease) belongs to

Karnataka

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• KFD is a hemorrhagic fever found in Karnataka state

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• In 1957
• In this place something happened.....!!!!

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• Several dead monkeys were noticed in the Kyasanur forest in the Shimoga district in Karnataka
• Along with a severe prostrating illness in some of the villagers in the area

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• A similar illness had also been observed in the locality a year earlier
• A new Arbovirus antigenically related to RSSE complex was isolated dead monkeys and patients by National Institute of virology , Pune ,India

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• It was named KFD virus after the name of the place from where the first isolations were made

Symptoms and Signs

• Sudden onset Fever
• Headache
• Conjunctivitis
• Myalgia
• Severe Prostration
• Haemorrhages into skin mucosa and viscera

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• Case fatality rate is about 5%
• for many years since 1957 cases remained confined to Shimoga district

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• Between 1972 and 1975 , a few cases were reported from the adjecent areas in North Kanara
• But Antibodies against the virus was reported from Kutch and Saurashtra Paninsula and in some other scattered places in India

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• In 1982 situations changed
• Following felling of an evergreen forest outbreak known as "Monkey fever" started with dead monkeys

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• Within 5 months 1142 human cases were reported
• And 104 deaths!!

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• Outbreak subsided with the onset of Monsoon and but reappeared later
• Ecological disturbances caused by Forest clearing is thought to be the cause of outbreak

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• Forest birds and small mammals are believed to be the reservoir host
• Infection is transmitted by the bite of ticks

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• Haemophysalis spinigera is the principal vector
• Monkeys are amplifier hots since death occurs in them

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• Haemophysalis ticks act as reservoir
• Transovarial transmission occurs

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• Though related to RSSE complex , RSSE vaccine won't give protection
• Killed KFD vaccine gives some degree of protection

Treatment

• Symptomatic and Supportive

Thank you