PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Maybury vs Madison
Background-The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government.
Sc opinion-The Court unanimously decided not to require Madison to deliver the commission to Marbury. Chief Justice Marshall understood the danger that this case posed to the power of the Supreme Court.
Landmark-Marbury v. Madison, arguably the most important case in Supreme Court history, was the first U.S. Supreme Court case to apply the principle of "judicial review" -- the power of federal courts to void acts of Congress in conflict with the Constitution.
McCullough vs Maryland
Background-By the late 1810s, financial stability had become an issue of major national concern. The Democratic-Republican Madison administration and the Republican Congress had not renewed the charter of the Bank of the United States when it expired in 1811
Sc opinion-peaking for a unanimous Court, Chief Justice Marshall rejected the Maryland argument. The decision centered on Maryland's claim that because the Constitution was ratified by State conventions, the States were sovereign.
Landmark-McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) is one of the first and most important Supreme Court cases on federal power. In this case, the Supreme Court held that Congress has implied powers derived from those listed in Article I, Section 8. The “Necessary and Proper” Clause gave Congress the power to establish a national bank.
Engel vs Vitale
Background-In 1951 the New York State Board of Regents (the State board of education) approved a 22-word “nondenominational prayer” for recitation each morning in the public schools of New York. It read: “Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country
Sc opinion-The Court found the New York Regents' prayer to be unconstitutional. Justice Hugo Black wrote the opinion for the 6-1 majority: “We think that by using its public school system to encourage recitation of the Regents' Prayer, the State of New York has adopted a practice wholly inconsistent with the Establishment Clause
Landmark-Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
Gideon vs Wainright
Background-arance Earl Gideon was accused of breaking into a bar in Panama City, Florida. The police arrested Gideon and put him in jail. At his trial, Gideon could not afford a lawyer and asked the judge to appoint one for him
Sc opinion-Petitioner was charged in a Florida state court with having broken and entered a poolroom with intent to commit a misdemeanor. This offense is a felony under Florida law. Appearing in court without funds and without a lawyer, petitioner asked the court to appoint country
Landmark-In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves.
Miranda vs Arizona
Background- Miranda was arrested from his home. Then was interrogated by two police officers for 2 hours. Miranda was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sent to jail for 20 to 30 years.
Sc opinion- ruled that the prosecution could not introduce Miranda's confession as evidence in a criminal trail because police failed to tell Miranda that he had the right to an attorney and his right against incrimination
Landmark- a detained criminal suspect must be informed of their rights prior to police questioning
Near vs Minnesota
Background-jay near began the Saturday press in Minneapolis with Howard Guilford. The paper claimed Jewish gangs were practically ruling the city with the police chief. Guilford was gunned down after the first issue was realized
Sc opinion- freedom of the press by roundly rejecting prior restraints on publication
Landmark- freedom of the press
Brown vs board of education
Background- served as a catalyst for the modern civil rights movement, inspiring education reform everywhere and forming the legal means of challenging segregation in all areas of society
Sc opinion- ruled that everyone even if tangible factors like facilities, teachers and supplies were equal, separation itself was Inherently unequal and a violation of equal protection
Landmark-ended segregation
Gibbons vs Ogden
Background-gibbons is traveling between New York and New Jersey trading goods and the court does not want him to do that
Sc opinion- that under no clause congress had powers to regulate any aspect of commerce that crossed stateliness including modes of transportation
Roe vs wade
Background- Jane roe was an unmarried and pregnant Texas resident.texas law made it a felony to abort unless it was about saving a life
Sc opinion- the court ruled it is the women's decision to have a abortion
Landmark- women's right to abort
