MACROMOLECULES

CARBOHYDRATES

• Simple sugars
• Monomer-monosaccharide
• Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen
• Ratio 1:2:1

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• 1:2:1

FUNCTION

• Energy
• Structural support

EXAMPLES

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

LIPIDS

• Hydrophobic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Fats are made by a glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
• A lipid's monomer is a triglyceride.
• Fatty acid chains with only single bonds are saturated.
• Fatty acid chains with at least one double bond are unsaturated

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

FUNCTION OF LIPIDS

• Lipids serve as energy for living systems.
• The energy-storage is very efficient in lipids
• Lipids can store two times as much energy as proteins or carbohydrates

EXAMPLES

• Phospholipids
• Triglycerides
• Oils

EXAMPLES

PROTEINS

• Proteins are polypeptides
• Monomer are amino acids
• Bonded by peptide bonds
• Two amino acids make a dipeptide

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen

FUNCTION

• Storage & Transportation
• Regulatory & Movement
• Structural & Enymes
• Provide energy

EXAMPLES

• Hormones
• Enzymes
• Hair

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Composed of a long chain of nucleotides
• Nucleotides are linked by dehydration synthesis

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus

FUNCTION

• Carries all genetic information
• Contains all instructions for making proteins

EXAMPLES

• DNA
• RNA
• ATP

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE