Macromolecules
Published on Nov 18, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Lipids
- Lipids are compounds that are not soluble in water
- Lipids are soluble in hydrophilic solvents
- One thing to remember about lipids is that they store the most energy
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
LIPIDS ARE MADE OF 1 GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS
FUNCTIONS
- Long term energy storage
- Insulation
- Protection against physical shock
- Protection against water loss
- Chemical messengers (hormones)
ONE EXAMPLE OF A LIPID IS FATS LIKE BUTTER, SEEN HERE.
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A LIPID ARE OILS.
CARBOHYDRATES
- Carbs are small or large sugar molecules
- Carbs are always made with Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
- Can be identified by by a 1:2:1 ratio of C, H, and O
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CARBS ARE MADE WITH A 1:2:1 CHO RATIO
FUNCTIONS
- Providing energy
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy
- Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis
- Biological recognition processes
- Dietary fiber
ONE EXAMPLE OF A CARB IS A STARCH LIKE BREAD
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A CARB IS CELLULOSE LIKE CORN
PROTEINS
- Proteins are amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds
- There are 20 types of amino acids
- Also known as polypeptides
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
PROTEINS ARE MADE BY AMINO ACIDS IN A STRAIGHT CHAIN
FUNCTIONS
- Storage
- Transport
- Regulatory
- Movement
- Structural support
AN EXAMPLE OF PROTEINS ARE YOUR MUSCLES
ANOTHER PROTEIN IS ALBIUM FOUND IN EGG WHITE
NUCLEIC ACID
- Nucleic acids are long chains of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis
- DNA and RNA are the two types of nucleic acids
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
NUCLEIC ACIDS ARE MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES LINKED BY CONDENSATION
FUNCTIONS
- Nucleic acids include DNA which can aid in cell reproduction
