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Medieval Chinese Dynasties, Technology, And Belief Systems
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Published on Nov 18, 2015
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1.
MEDIEVAL CHINA
BY: CARLIN DENG AND JAVIER DE LA CRUZ
2.
DYNASTIES
All dynasties were believed to have gone through the Dynastic Cycle.
Steps of Dynastic Cycle:
1. A new dynasty is given the Mandate of Heaven.
2. The dynasty becomes weak and corrupt.
3. Natural disasters occur.
3.
DYNASTIC CYCLE
4. Old dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven.
5. The dynasty is overthrown and a new dynasty gains power.
4.
THE HAN DYNASTY
Began: 206 BCE, Ended: 220 CE
The Han Dynasty ended mainly because of political struggles and social problems.
After the fall of the Han Dynasty, everything was chaos.
The Han Dynasty had supported Confucianism.
5.
SUI DYNASTY
Sui Dynasty (pronounced Sway)
Began: 581 Ended: 618
Yang Jian was the founder of the Sui Dynasty.
Renamed himself Wendi and unified China during his reign.
For example, he restored old political traditions from their past.
6.
YANG JIAN (WENDI)
Yang Jian was a general in the army of Zhou (joh).
In 581, he killed his grandson, who was to be the heir to the Zhou throne.
During his reign, he built the Grand Canal, and rebuilt parts of the Great Wall.
Many peasants died while digging the Grand Canal
He made the government follow Confucianism.
7.
SUI DYNASTY
The Sui Dynasty ended because of Wendi's successor, Emperor Yang.
Both Wendi and Yang raised taxes to pay for all the public work projects.
After Yang was murdered, Liyuan, one of his generals took over.
Liyuan declared himself the first Tang emperor.
8.
TANG DYNASTY
Began: 618, Ended: 907
Liyuan founded the Tang Dynasty. He was formerly a general.
The Tang government had a pyramid structure.
An emperor was at the top, then chief advisers, and then a bureaucracy.
All of the parts of the bureaucracy had a different job.
9.
TANG DYNASTY
The Sui Dynasty influenced the Tang Dynasty.
Some of the people that stand out are: Taizong, Wu Zhong, and Xuazong.
Taizong: Helped his father create the Tang Dynasty, and was generous to peasants.
Wu Zhong(Empress Wu): Only woman to rule China. She was not a nice person, but was a leader.
Xuazong: During his reign, art and literature were very successful. Ruled for more than 40 years.
10.
SONG DYNASTY
2 Parts: Northern and Southern Song
North: 960-1125, Southern: 1127-1279
Improved exam system and set up more schools.
Under the Tang and Song, China had a great period of time.
11.
TANG and SONG ADVANCES
Built a transportation system of roads and waterways.
Easy transportation meant more access to trade.
Grain, tea, and other goods were traded. Inns were available for traders along roads.
Chinese farmers started to plant a new type of rice, which ripened faster.
Farmers used rice paddies, or fields to give their crops more room to grow.
12.
TANG and SONG ADVANCES
A surplus of food meant that fewer people had to work as farmers.
As trade grew, it lead to an expansion in the use of money.
Large amounts of coins could get heavy and difficult to carry.
To help solve the problem, the government introduced printed money.
Merchants gathered and lived in towns, where more private trading occurred allowing the city to grow.
13.
TANG AND SONG TECHNOLOGY
Silk, paper, woodblock printing, compass, gunpowder and boat rudder were invented.
Silk: Was desired by the wealthy, and gave the name to the Silk Road.
Paper: Made from rags, used for writing on, money, and playing cards.
Woodblock Printing: Blocks of wood carved with characters to print entire pages.
Compass: Made sailing much easier, and for mapmaking as well.
14.
TANG AND SONG TECHNOLOGY
Gunpowder: Invented by chemists in 9th century.
Bombs, guns, mines, rockets, and fireworks all,used gunpowder.
Boat Rudder: Were used to easily steer large boats.
Since large boats were easy to steer, the Chinese built more, larger boats.
Movable Type: A small block with a single raised characters for text.
15.
INFLUENCING THE REST OF THE WORLD
Paper-making spread to the Arabs and Europe.
Compasses helped the European Age of Exploration.
New weapons were made because of gunpowder.
The Chinese also exported porcelain, which was desired by many.
Tea was first used as medicine, and then became a popular drink in Europe.
16.
THE MONGOLS
The Mongols were an aggressive nomadic tribe.
They were organized into clans, which were unified by Temujin.
The empire was split into four parts called khanates.
Genghis Khan(Temujin) was a powerful leader that united all the clans together.
With all of the Mongol tribes united, Genghis was able to take over China.
17.
THE MONGOLS
Kublai Khan took power in China, the Khanate of the Great Khan.
He was the first ruler in 300 years to have control over all, of China.
Kublai made sure that Chinese politicians did not gain too much power.
Marco Polo was a trader from Venice that traveled the Silk Roads in 1275.
Became an assistant to Kublai Khan and went on government missions. He wrote a book of his travels.
18.
THE MONGOLS
Kublai kept many of the aspects of Chinese government.
He did this because the Mongols did not have experience with having a government.
Meanwhile, the Chinese had lots of experience with having a government.
The Mongols made trade routes much safer.
People from India, Persia, and Arabia often visited the Mongol Empire.
19.
MING DYNASTY
Zhu Yuanzhang led a rebel army against the Mongols, and overthrew them.
Began: 1368 Ended: 1644
Zhu Yuanzhang renamed himself Hongwu. Hongwu increased his personal power.
The Ming government was run by civil service. Applicants had to take a difficult exam to get a job in civil service.
Hongwu created a secret service to spy on the people. He arrested and killed many people for treason.
20.
MING DYNASTY
Hongwu chose his grandson to succeed him. However, not everyone agreed with the decision.
After 5 years of fighting, Yongle, Hongwu's son, was victorious, and declared himself emperor.
Yongle enlarged Beijing with large structures and palaces. This became known as the Forbidden City.
Yongle wanted not just China, but the whole world to know about his greatness, which motivated him.
Trade expanded in China because of maritime, which means "related to the seas."
21.
MING DYNASTY AND QING DYNASTY
Zheng He was an admiral that led many long voyages.
He led voyages to Southeast Asia, Arabia, India, and Africa.
Weak rulers, high taxes, and poor harvests led to the fall of the Ming.
The Manchus overthrew the Ming and established the Qing Dynasty.
The final dynasty ended in 1912. Four thousand years of imperial rule in China had ended.
22.
CONFUCIANISM
A belief system based on the ideas of Confucius.
Confucianism was founded in China, around the year 500 B.C.
Confucianism stressed: Produce social order by right relationships and being respectful.
It also stressed: Educating people and society and to act morally correct.
Confucianism influenced Chinese government and society. As the Han a Dynasty lost power, it lost influence.
23.
BUDDHISM
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama. It started in India int the 500s B.C.
The main principles are: Suffering is part of someone's life, and people suffer because they are selfish.
Buddhism also taught: People can escape suffering by eventually living in a wise, moral way.
The Chinese turned to Buddhism after Confucianism lost influence.
Buddhism influence spread to Korea and Japan. Buddhism became a major religion after the Han fell.
24.
DAOISM
A belief system that seeks harmony with nature and inner feelings.
Founded by Lao Tsu in about 600 B.C. in China.
Confucius scholars blended Buddhism and Daoism with Confucianism.
This resulted in Confucianism broadening its outlook.
Mrs Rovira
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