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Medieval Europe

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

HISTORY:RESEARCH ACTIVITY

BY GEORGIA LEHMANN
Photo by Bs0u10e0

Medieval Housing & Architecture

1. WHAT TYPE OF HOUSES DID PEOPLE LIVE IN?

  • Most houses were cold,dark and damp. Sometimes it was warmer and lighter outside the home than within the walls. For security,windows were very small openings with wooden shutters that were closed at night or in bad weather. The small size of the windows allowed those inside to see out, but kept others from looking in. Many peasant families ate, slept, and spent time together in very small quarters, no more than one or two rooms. The houses were easily destroyed.

THREE TYPES OF CASTLES

  • The motte and Bailey castle
  • The stone keep castle
  • The concentric castle
Photo by infomatique

A LOOK INTO THE CASTLES...

  • The motte and Bailey castles: A motte-and-bailey castle is a barrier with a wooden or stone tower positioned on raised earth called a motte, followed by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.
  • The concentric castle:A 'concentric castle' is a castle with two or more concentric curtain walls, and the inner wall is higher than the outer and can be defended from it.
Photo by Modern Relics

CONTINUED...

  • The stone keep castle: Stone castles replaced the motte and bailey castles. Shortly after the Normans invaded England, they began building rectangular stone keeps.
Photo by ell brown

3. WHAT SORT OF HOUSING DID PEASANTS LIVE IN?

  • There were 2 types of peasant homes. The early medieval period houses were made of sticks, straw and mud. They were one-room houses,shared between the whole family and the animals. These houses were made by the peasants because they couldn't afford to have someone else make them.
Photo by Baron Reznik

CONTINUED...

  • The later medieval period homes: During the Black Death a lot of peasants were killed.This meant that there were not enough peasants to work in the fields. Landowners who were desperate for workers to harvest their crops, began offering wages to anyone who would work on their land. With more money, peasants were able to afford better housing and many lived in wattle and daub houses. Wattle and Daub houses were taller and wider than the simple stick and straw houses.
Photo by Baron Reznik

Medieval castle photo 1

Photo by jl.cernadas

Medieval castle photo 2

Medieval Food

Photo by paulmorriss

1.WHAT TYPE/S OF FOOD WAS AVAILABLE TO BE EATEN?

  • The food that was eaten, depended on how rich you were. Poor people ate mainly barley. Sometimes using the barley they would make bread,pancakes, pizza, barley soup and barley porridge. The poor people also grew things like onions,cabbage,garlic,apples, pears,mushrooms. They also grew herbs and made honey.

CONTINUED...

  • The rich people also ate bread, but their bread was made of wheat, so that it tasted better. They ate pork,beef,lamb chops,deer and rabbit. They also had spices, some of which had to be imported from India.

2. WHAT DID THE PEOPLE OF MEDIEVAL EUROPE DRINK?

  • The poor drank ale, mead or cider and the rich were able to drink many different types of wines.
Photo by sfllaw

WHAT ROLE DID EATING PLAY IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY?

  • For the rich their were more options of food to eat, and it was healthier. Because they had more money and they were offered lots of different spices. Where as if you were a peasant the food would be of lower quality and it wasn't as good for you.
Photo by LearningLark

Medieval European Fashion

Photo by PamelaVWhite

1. WHAT TYPE/S OF MATERIALS WERE USED TO MAKE CLOTHES?

  • They wore wool,linen,silk,hemp,cotton,leather and fur. Although some materials were only for the rich like linen.

WHAT DID THE WOMEN WEAR?

  • The wealthy women wore tunics,and sleeveless dresses. This was the same for peasant women although there choice in fabrics was much richer,and filled with lots of embroidery. Women usually wore fur on the inside of the clothing to keep them warm.Ornamental bands decorated sleeve borders, necklines and the bottom half of dresses. Waistlines became more emphasized, with girdle-like pieces called panniers creating a bigger hip shape. Plenty of jewelry and silver, gold and pearl embellishments accompanied clothing and accessories.
Photo by Liga_Eglite

WHAT DID THE MEN WEAR?

  • Men wore woollen tunics,belted at the waist that had been embroidered around the hem and sleeves. Over this they wore woollen cloak fastened with a brooch.

4. DID PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE AGES WEAR JEWELLERY?

  • At the start of the medieval period only the rich people wore jewellery and fine metals,because of their wealth. But overtime the poor started wearing it too. It became so popular in fact that there had to be laws limiting how much jewellery you could wear.
Photo by Kotomi_

Medieval entertainment

Photo by One lucky guy

1. WHAT WERE SOME POPULAR FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT?

  • Some popular games were..Chess,Nine Men's Morris, Alquerques, archery,Bowls,Colf,Hammer-throwing,Hurling or Shinty,Skittles, Wrestling. Of course these activities depended on whether you were rich or poor.
Photo by nectarous

WHAT IS A JESTER AND WHAT DID HE DO?

  • The jester was a entertainer in the medieval times.Medieval jesters were responsible for bringing a smile to the face of a monarch who was feeling angry or who was feeling unwell. The role of the Medieval jester was to amuse his master, to excite him to laughter, to prevent the over-oppression of state affairs, and, in harmony with a well-known.

Medieval standards of living

LIST 4 DIFFERENT DISEASES OR INJURIES

  • Smallpocks: Smallpox is caused by infection with the variola virus. The virus can be transmitted: Directly from person to person.
  • Measles:is caused by the measles virus (a paramyxovirus). The measles virus is highly contagious. Measles is spread through droplet transmission from the nose, throat, and mouth of someone who is infected with the virus. These droplets are sprayed out when the infected person coughs or sneezes!

CONTINUED..

  • Dysenterybacillary dysentery or shigellosis – caused by shigella bacteria; amoebic dysentery or amoebiasis – caused by an amoeba (single-celled parasite) called Entamoeba histolytica, that's found mainly in tropical areas; this type of dysentery is usually picked up abroad.
  • Leprocy: leprosy is caused by a type of bacteria (mycobacterium leprae) that multiplies very slowly. Its incubation period can last up to 20 years and it mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves.

2.Explain why childbirth during the Middle Ages posed such high health risks

  • New mothers might survive the labour, but could die from various postnatal infections and complications.Midwives, rather than trained doctors, usually attended pregnant women. They helped the mother-to-be during labour and, if needed, were able to perform emergency baptisms on babies in danger of dying. Most had received no formal training, but relied on practical experience made from years of delivering babies.
Photo by goldberg

Were girls educated in medieval times?

  • Peasant women had far less opportunity for a formal education. Many received little or no education unless they lived in or near the town. For the most part, the extent of their learning was the alphabet and verbal religion instruction. Many wealthy townswomen commissioned prayer books which could be read to their daughters for their spiritual education. Women were not expected to make a living from writing.

CONTINUED..

  • The primary teachers of small girls were their own mothers or grandmothers. Girls assisted their mothers at a very young age. Jobs such as pulling of wool for spinning, weeding in the garden, sewing, cooking and caring for the chickens prepared girls to have the skills they would use in later life as wives and mothers.

What types of medical services were available in the Middle Ages?

  • For many peasants in Medieval England, disease and poor health were part of their daily life and medicines were both basic and often useless. Towns and cities were filthy and knowledge of hygiene was non-existent.People believed, for example, that disease was spread by bad odors. It was also assumed that diseases of the body resulted from sins of the soul. Many people sought relief from their ills through meditation, prayer, pilgrimages, and other nonmedical methods.

The End!

Photo by marcp_dmoz