Meteors, Comets & Dwarf Planets
Published on Mar 24, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
METEORS
CRATERS ON THE EARTH
Meteor Crater, Arizona, United States
3. Chicxulub crater, Mexico
The third largest crater in the world is the Chicxulub crater in the Yucatan peninsula located in Mexico. The name is taken from the name of this crater nearest town from there. This crater has a diameter of 180 km.
The crater was discovered by Antonio Camargo and Glen Penfield, Geo Physics duo who are searching for oil in the Yucatan peninsula around the 1970s. It is estimated, the crater was formed about 66 billion years ago.
6. Manicouagan Crater, Canada
Back to Canada precisely located in the Cote-Nord, Quebec. There is no Manicouagan crater that was about 213-215 million years. This crater has a diameter of 100 km.
The crater is becoming one of the oldest crater surface can still be seen directly and not sink under the sea. This crater has been filled with water and become a beautiful lake surrounded by green trees.
2. Sudbury Basin, Canada
Sudbury Basin or commonly known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nicker Irruptive become the second largest meteor hit areas in the world. Sudbury Basin is also one of the oldest craters on earth.
The crater is located in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada was once having a diameter of about 250 km. We have had a lot of erosion, but the crater region is known as the land mine rich platinum, gold, and others.
1. Vredefort Dome, South Africa
2.023 billion years ago, a large meteor struck the Earth. Initially, the meteor crater has a diameter of 300 km massive. However, due to erosion over thousands of years, eventually crater located in Free State Province in South Africa's diameter is only 70 km away. In 2005, this crater in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site for its rich geology.
COMETS
LIST OF COMETS
On July 23, 1995, an unusually large and bright comet was seen outside of Jupiter's orbit by Alan Hale of New Mexico and Thomas Bopp of Arizona. Careful analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images suggested that its intense brightness was due to its exceptionally large size. While the nuclei of most comets are about 1.6 to 3.2 km (1 to 2 miles) across, Hale-Bopp's was estimated to be 40 km (25 miles) across. It was visible even through bright city skies, and may have been the most viewed comet in recorded history. Comet Hale-Bopp holds the record for the longest period of naked-eye visibility: an astonishing 19 months. It will not appear again for another 2,400 years.
This comet was first seen in July 1862 by American astronomers Lewis Swift and Horace Tuttle. As Comet Swift-Tuttle moves closer to the Sun every 120 years, it leaves behind a trail of dust debris that provides the ingredients for a spectacular fireworks display seen in July and August. As Earth passes through the remnants of this dust tail, we can see on a clear night the Perseid meteor shower. Comet Swift-Tuttle is noted as the comet some scientists predicted could one day collide with Earth because the two orbits closely intercept each other. The latest calculations show that it will pass a comfortable 24 million km (15 million miles) from Earth on its next trip to the inner Solar System.
On January 30, 1996, Yuji Hyakutake (pronounced "hyah-koo-tah-kay"), an amateur astronomer from southern Japan, discovered a new comet using a pair of binoculars. In the spring of that year, this small, bright comet with a nucleus of 1.6 to 3.2 km (1 to 2 miles) made a close flyby of Earth — sporting one of the longest tails ever observed. The Hubble Space Telescope studied the nucleus of this comet in great detail. This is not Comet Hyakutake's first visit to the inner Solar System. Astronomers have calculated its orbit and believe it was here about 8,000 years ago. Its orbit will not bring it near the Sun again for about 14,000 years.
Comet Halley is perhaps the most famous comet in history. It was named after British astronomer Edmund Halley, who calculated its orbit. He determined that the comets seen in 1531 and 1607 were the same objects that followed a 76-year orbit. Unfortunately, Halley died in 1742, never living to see his prediction come true when the comet returned on Christmas Eve in 1758. Each time this comet's orbit approaches the Sun, its 15-km (9-mile) nucleus sheds about 6 m (7 yards) of ice and rock into space. This debris forms an orbiting trail that, when falling to Earth, is called the Orionids meteor shower. Comet Halley will return to the inner Solar System in the year 2061.
Between July 16 and July 22, 1994, more than 20 fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the planet Jupiter. Astronomers Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker and David Levy discovered the comet in 1993. The Hubble Space Telescope took many spectacular pictures of this event as the comet's pieces crashed into Jupiter's southern hemisphere. It was the first collision of two Solar System bodies ever to be recorded. The impacts created atmospheric plumes many thousands of kilometers high that showed hot "bubbles" of gas with large dark "scars" covering the planet's sky.
Other well-known periodic comets include 2P/Encke, which appears ever 3.3 years and 9P/Tempel (Tempel 2), which was visited by the Deep Impact and Stardust probes, and makes perihelion around the Sun every 5.5 years Between July 16 and July 22, 1994, more than 20 fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with the planet Jupiter. Astronomers Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker and David Levy discovered the comet in 1993. The Hubble Space Telescope took many spectacular pictures of this event as the comet's pieces crashed into Jupiter's southern hemisphere. It was the first collision of two Solar System bodies ever to be recorded. The impacts created atmospheric plumes many thousands of kilometers high that showed hot "bubbles" of gas with large dark "scars" covering the planet's sky.
DWARF PLANETS
SHAPES AND SIZES
