Microbiology
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
BACTERIA
- Also called germs or microbes
- Generally classified in two groups
- Pathogenic and Nonpatho
PATHOGENIC
- Can cause infection and disease
- Have distinct shapes
- Some produce toxins
- Can be spread by use of contaminated implements
NONPATHOGENIC
- Do not produce disease
- Can be very beneficial
- Approximately 70% of bacteria are nonpathogenic
- Saprophytes are nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter
COCCI
- Round shaped bacteria that appear singularly or in groups
- Staphylococci- pus forming bacteria in bunches or clusters, present in abscesses, pustules, or boils
- Streptococci- form in long chains can cause septicemia, strep throat, and other serious infections
- Diplococci- cells that grow in pairs and are the cause of certain infections like pneumonia
BACILLI
- Most common form of bacteria
- Bar or rod shaped cells that can produce a variety of diseases including tetanus, influenza, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diptheria
SPIRILLA
- Spiraled,coiled, corkscrew-shaped cells that cause highly contagious diseases such as syphilis and cholera
ALL BACTERIA GO THROUGH A GROWTH CYCLE OF 2 STAGES
- Active stage
- Cells reproduce and grow rapidly
- Divide into form new cells
- Requires a dark, damp, dirty place
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- Inactive stage
- No growth occurs
- Form spores which are resistant to disinfectant
- Return to active stage when conditions become favorable
SANITATION
- Lowest level of infection control
- Physical removal of debris which reduces the number of microbes present
- Removes organic matter (blood, skin particles) which may interfere with proper disinfection procedures
DISINFECTION
- Second level of infection control
- Using products or methods to kill or destroy bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses
- Do no kill spores
STERILIZATION
- The highest level of infection control
- Destroys all small organisms including bacterial spores
IMMUNITY
- The body’s ability to destroy infectious agents
- Natural immunity- partially inherited, natural resistance to disease
- Passive immunity- occurs through vaccinations or injection of agents which stimulate immune response
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