MITOSIS VS. MEIOSIS

MITOSIS

• Mitosis - The equal distribution of the parent cells duplicated genes between the two new daughter cells.

MEIOSIS

• Meiosis - The process in which one diploid cell creates a haploid cell (gamete)

DIFFERENCES

• Meiosis goes through P.M.A.T twice
• Mitosis goes through P.M.A.T. once
• Meiosis is sexual reproduction
• Mitosis is asexual reproduction
• The offspring of meiosis are not identical in genetics
• The offspring of mitosis are identical in genetics

PHASES OF MITOSIS

• Prophase - The membrane around the nucleus disappears and the chromosomes begin to coil up.
• Metaphase - All sister chromosomes are lined up at the center of the spindle.
• Anaphase - Each pair of sister chromatids separates into two chromosomes.
• Telophase - Daughter chromosomes reach the ends of the spindle and begin to uncoil.

PHASES OF MEIOSIS

• Meiosis goes through P.M.A.T. twice.
• Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, and Telophase 1

PHASES OF MEIOSIS CONTINUED

• Then the process is repeated in Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, and Telophase 2.
• Meiosis creates daughter cells with only one copy of each chromosomes.

FACTS ABOUT MEIOSIS

• When completed, the four new daughter cells, each with just one copy of the genes, is called gametes.
• The genetic material doubles before meiosis occurs (just like mitosis).
• Haploid cell = a cell that has only one of each chromosome.
• Meiosis adds another step when the two new daughter cell separate their chromosomes into single copies.

FACTS ABOUT MITOSIS

• Mitosis begins after the sister chromatid has formed.
• During prophase, a spindle of fibers forms all the way across the cell.
• Mitosis is the second stage of the cell cycle. It follows interphase and is before cytokinesis.

SIMILARITIES

• Both processes go through P.M.A.T.
• They both produce more cells than what they started with.
• They both start after the sister chromatids have formed.
• Mitosis’ purpose is to ensure that each new daughter cell has genes identical to those in the original parent cell.
• They both produce offspring.

PROPHASE AND METAPHASE IN MITOSIS

• Prophase - The sister chromatids usually look x shaped by the end.
• Prophase - A spindle of fibers form all the way across the cell; these fibers move the chromosomes during the next three phases.
• Metaphase - The sister chromatids line up in the middle in a straight line

ANAPHASE AND TELOPHASE IN MITOSIS

• Anaphase - Every pair of sister chromatids are split into two chromosomes.
• Anaphase - The daughter chromosomes move along the spindle fibers to different sides of the cell.
• Telophase - As it uncoils, the spindle disappears an a new nuclear membrane forms around every pack of chromosomes.
• Telophase - This gives us two new nuclei, (plural of nucleus) each one holds a full copy of the cell’s chromosomes.

THREE STAGES OF CELL CYCLE

• Interphase- The genes are duplicated
• Mitosis- The parent’s cell’s duplicated genes are distributed between the two new daughter cells
• Cytokinesis- The process of providing each daughter cell with cytoplasm and organelles

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TELOPHASE

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