MODERN PHILOSOPHY

MODERNITY

• Modern philosophy : is a discipline that focuses on the study and application of a certain method of thought that is notably different from earlier types of philosophy.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNITY

• Mobility
• Human equality
• Securlarization
• Science over superstition
• Urbanization
• Rise of middle class

MODERNITY SYNONYMS

• Freshness
• Innovation
• Oddity
• Change
• Crazy
• Creation

MODERNITY

• Is the study of time
• It explore how the modern world came to its present condition

MODERNITY

• The secular character of our age and culture has brought about a rational attititude toward the past and an unprecedented openess toward the future

HUME: PROGRESSION GOALS

• Scope and limits of our understanding
• Nature of our ideas
• Operations we perform in reasoning about them

HUME: THEORY ON THE MIND/IDEAS

• Hume holds on empiricist version of the theory, he thinks that everything we believe is ultimately traceable to experience
• The view that we immediately perceive certain mental entities called idea, but don't have direct access to physical objects

KANT: THREE MAJOR TEXTS

• Critique of pure reason- meta/Epist.
• Critique of practical reason- ethics
• Critique of judgement -aesthetics

KANT: AUTONOMY

• Main theme is all of Kant's critiques
• Objectives/ 1) to synthesize rationalism and empiricism
• 2) rescuing metaphysics from a humean approach

KANTIAN METAPHYSICS

• Defines metaphysics in terms of "the cognitious after which reason might strive independently of all experience"

HEGEL: 3 STAGES

• 1) subjective (individual)
• 2) objective (family,society, state)
• 3) absolute (art,religion, philosophy)

HEGEL: DIALECTIC PROCESS

• 1st - someone puts forth a claim called a thesis
• 2nd - someone else puts forth a contradictory claim called a antithesis
• 3rd - forms a synthesis

HEGEL POLITICS

• First political work was on "On the Recent Domestic Affairs of Wurtemberg"
• He condemns the absolutist rule of Duke Ferdinand along with the narrow traditionalism and legal positivism of his officials and welcomes the convening of the Estates Assembly, while disagreeing with the method of election in the Diet.

DESCARTES

• philosphy and mathematics is gained through understanding

DESCARTES

• Descartes begins with the study of the nature of reality
• To believe that reality is fundamentally water or the Indeterminate or whatever seems pointless, he claims, unless we know first whether our belief itself is justified

DESCARTES

• Much of his work was concerned with the provision of a secure foundation for the advancement of human knowledge through the natural sciences.