MONARCHS

MARIA THERESA

• Came to Austrian throne in 1740
• Reign was dificult because she was a woman
• Made many important reforms
• Sstrengthened her power by reorganizing the bureaucrcy
• was an absolute monarch

MARIA TERESA CONT...

• made everyone pay a flat tax

PHILLIP II

• absolute spanish monarch
• ruled for 42 years after father's death
• fought costly wars between England and Spain
• expanded territory to the Netherlands
• defended Catholic religion wanted to see it thrive

LOUIS XIV

• french monarch
• inherited throne at age of 5 in 1643
• built Versailles
• took power at age of 23
• an absolute monarch

LOUIS XIV CONT...

• fought costly wars

CATHERINE THE GREAT

• Russian monarch
• came to power after husband died
• made russia larger
• coquered poland
• won wars against Ottomans, gained land on Black sea

CATHERINE THE GREAT CONT...

• encouraged french culture in Russia
• angered many people with french influence
• made conditions for peasants worse
• crushed rebels
• absolute monarch

JAMES STUART (STUART DYNASTY)

• came to power because Elizabeth had no heirs for throne
• absolute monarch
• english monarch
• Clashed many times with Parliament over money
• Dissolved Parliament

JAMES STUART CONT…

• Agreed to rule according to English law and customs